1. Objectives
List scientists who contributed to the cell theory
List the components of the cell theory
Compare prokaryote and eukaryote cells
Label a plant and an animal cell
Know the functions of cell organelles

2. Early Contributions
Robert Hooke - First person to see cells, he was looking at cork and noted that he saw "a great many boxes. (1665)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - Observed living cells in pond water, which he called "animalcules" (1673)

3. Leeuwenhoek saw these things in pond water. What did he call them?

4. Theodore Schwann - zoologist who observed tissues of animals had cells (1839)
Mattias Schleiden - botanist, observed tissues of plants contained cells ( 1845)
Rudolf Virchow - also reported that every living thing is made of up vital units, known as cells. He predicted that cells come from other cells. (1850 )

5. The Cell Theory 1. Every living organism is made of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function.
3. All cells arise from pre- existing cells.
*Why is the Cell Theory called a Theory and not a Fact?

6. 1. All living things are made of _____
Checkpoint
What was their contribution?
Hooke
Leeuwenhoek
Schwann
Schleiden
Virchow
The Cell Theory
1. All living things are made of _____
2. Cells are the basic unit of _______ and ______
3. Cells come from _______________ cells.

7. Cell Features ALL cell have these parts
Ribosomes – make protein for use by the organism
Cytoplasm – fluid material within  cell
DNA – genetic material
Cytoskeleton – internal framework of cell
Cell Membrane – outer boundary, some things can cross the cell membrane

8. Comprehension Checkpoint
Answer true or false
Robert Hooke was the first person to see cells.
Bacteria cells have a cell membrane.
The Cell Theory was developed by a single scientist.
Plant cells have cytoplasm.
Cells taken from fungi do not have DNA.
Cells can only come from pre-existing cells.
It only took five years to develop the Cell Theory.

9. Prokaryote Cells The first cells to inhabit the earth Simple cells
Bacteria
These cells do NOT have a nucleus, their DNA is circular and floats in the cytoplasm
Some bacteria have a tail-like structure called a flagella, that helps it to move.
A capsule surrounds some bacteria and helps them avoid the body’s immune system

10. Bacteria Images
Bacteria that causes Anthrax

11. Bacteria belong to a group of cells that do not have a ____________
CHECKPOINT
LABEL THE BACTERIA
Bacteria belong to a group of cells that do not have a ____________

12. Eukaryotic Cells Cells found in plants, animals, protists, and fungi
The cell is composed of 4 main parts:
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus – “control center” of cell, DNA
Organelles – small structures that carry out specific functions (“little organs”)

13. Nucleus Usually found at center of cell
Has a nuclear membrane & nuclear pores
 Contains cell’s DNA in one of 2 forms
chromatin - DNA and proteins, becomes...
chromosomes - during cell division
  Nucleolus - which makes the cell’s ribosomes

14. True of False
1. All cells have a nucleus.
2. All cells have a cell membrane.
3. Eukaryote cells are the only cells to have a flagellum.
4. The nucleus contains the cell’s DNA.
5. Chromatin will become chromosomes.
6. The nucleolus makes the cell’s DNA.

15. Cell Organelles
Mitochondria – cell’s energy center; turns food into a chemical energy called ATP
The mitochondria is sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell

16. Cell Organelles
Golgi Apparatus – processes, packages and secretes proteins. It is comparable to a factory or a post office.
*A vesicle forms with Golgi to transport substances outside cell.  

17. Cell Organelles Breaks down old cell parts
Lysosome – Contains digestive enzymes, breaks things down, "suicide sac”
Breaks down old cell parts
Recycles materials for reuse

18. Cell Organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum – Transport, "intracellular highway".
-Rough ER contains many ribosomes & is involved in protein synthesis
 -Smooth ER no ribosomes; works in detoxifying substances

19. Cytoskeleton – Helps cell maintain support & shape; movement
a. microtubules- hollow tubes
b.  microfilaments-threadlike
c.  centrioles- only in animal cells; used during cell division (paired) 

21. Vacuole – storage area for water and other substaces, plant cells usually have a large central vacuole

22. Protein Production
The cell is like a factory. Its product is protein which goes to body to serve different functions.
DNA has instructions to build protein
Instructions are sent to ribosomes
The ribosomes build protein and sends it through ER
The proteins go to golgi where they are packaged for export

23. THE ANIMAL CELL

24. Cheek Cells Seen Through Microscope

25. NAME THE PARTS

26. Plant Cells CELL WALL – provides additional support
CHLOROPLASTS – contain green pigment, photosynthesis
CENTRAL VACUOLE – large water container

27. PLANT CELL
Can you identify the parts?

28. Anacharis Cells Viewed With a Microscope

29. Animal Cell vs Plant Cell

30. Organelles With DNA
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA (separate from the nucleus)
This supports the ENDOSYMBIOSIS THEORY which states that eukaryotic cells evolved when prokaryote cells engulfed or absorbed other cells.

31. CELL MEMBRANE
Selectively permeable ; it regulates what comes into the cell and what leaves the cell
It is composed of a double layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded throughout