1. Antigens. Antigen structure of the microorganisms
Antigens. Antigen structure of the microorganisms. Immune cells and their markers

2. Antigen
Antigen may be any non-self foreign substance to which lymphocytes respond
Any antigen consists of:
Epitope
Non-specific remaining portion
Classification:
Complete antigens
Haptens (complex and simple)

3. Properties of the antigens
Foreignness
Antigenicity
Specificity
High molecular weight
Solubility or colloidal properties

5. Antigen specificity. Heterogenic specificity Species specificity.
Isospesificity.
Autospecificity

6. Antigen structure of the bacterial cell
O-Ag
K-Ag
H-Ag
Vi-Ag
Other bacterial antigens:
Protective antigens
Bacterial exotoxins and enzymes

7. Specificity of bacterial antigens
Genus antigens
Species antigens
Group specific antigens.
Type specific antigens.

8. Structure of the immune system
Lymphoid system consist of the:
Lymphoid cells (T and B cells)
Lymphoid organs:
Central (primary) organs: thymus and bone marrow
Peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs are:

9. T-cells may be subdivided into some subsets (or subpopulation) due to their functions:
T- helper (TH)
T- suppressor (TS)
T- regulator (TR)
T- cytotoxic (TC);
Delayed-type hypersensitivity T cells (TDTH);

11. B-cells
Activated B-cells can differentiate into plasma or memory cells

12. Cytokines
Monokines
Lymphokines
Interleukins (IL)

13. Types of immune response
Cellular immune response
Humoral immune response
Immunological memory
Immunological tolerance
Hypersensitivity reactions

14. Immune response to an antigen may be of two broad types:
The humoral or antibody mediated immunity (AMI).
It is mediated by antibodies produced by plasma cell
The cellular or mediated immunity (CMI).
It is mediated by sensitized T-cells

15. Cellular cooperation in the immune response
Antigen processing cells (APC) (macrophages or dendritic cells)
TH cell (either Th1 or Th2)
Either B-cell in the humoral immune response or TC (TK) cell in the cellular immune response