1. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 1 New Physics Hints in B Decays and Collider Outlook January 7, 2006, WHEPP9 @ Bhubaneswar

2. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 2 Outline Hints Intro: S f in b  sqq and A K +   -  A K +   0 Hints Collider Links (Reveal Culprit at LHC) ; Jungle Law (Survive Constraints) StrangeBeauty Squark S  K S Saga and StrangeBeauty Squark RR Sector (Flavor ⊕ SUSY) ; Kinder, Gentler (Scenarios; B s ; S K*  ) 4 th Generation A K +   0 Puzzle, P EW and 4 th Generation ∗ Tailor-made: nondecoupled t ’ and NP Phase ∗ PQCD at LO w/ 4 th Generation: Workable ∗ S  K S, S  K S w/ 4 th Generation: Robust (against hadronic) ∗ Impact: B s ; Digression Collider Link: B s ; ; b ’, t ’ and FCNC Summary w/ A. Arhrib, C.K. Chua, M. Nagashima, G. Raz and A. Soddu references given at appropriate places 11 32 8

3. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 3 Introduction

4. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 4 Impossible to Review

5. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 5 Not of this school (too restrictive)

6. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 6

7. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 7 b  s CPV Phenomena Is Current NP Frontier S f in b  sqq A K +   -  A K +   0 Puzzle (VV polarization likely hadronic origin) Two Hints

8. HEP-EPS 2005, July 21-27, Lisboa CPV in b  sss transitions and sin2  All modes (except  ’K s and  0  0 K s ) are less than 1.5  away from sin2   from J/  K s Since winter 2005 : improved accuracy better agreement between BABAR and BELLE all systematically below sin2  QCD corrections : sin2  (penguin) > sin2  (tree) [Beneke, hep-ph/0505075] [Cheng,Chua,Soni, hep-ph/0506268] recent QCD factorization estimates : sin2  (penguin)-sin2  (tree)

9. George W.S. Hou (NTU) B0B0 B0B0 B0B0 V cb V tb V* V tb J/  KSKS KSKS  V* 2 td  Decay No CPV in B → J/  K S Decay M 12 CPV in B 0 → B 0 Mixing

10. George W.S. Hou (NTU) Penguins (Vertex Loops) S  K S = sin 2  1 SM (KM) Prediction SUSY Possible SUSY FCNC/CPV Loop Real  StrangeBeauty

11. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 11

12. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 12 Puzzle persists, @ >  208 

13. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 13 Why a Puzzle ? Large C ? Large EWPenguin ? Suppress Tree CPV Phase Need NP CPV Phase ∵ T and P EW ≈ same strong phase ?

14. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 14 Aim Collider Links: ∗ B s at TeV/LHC ∗ Direct Production of Culprits ⇨ Flavor Scale ≲ TeV Jungle Law: To Eat, Not Get Eaten (Constraints)

15. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 15 StrangeBeauty Squark S  K S Saga and StrangeBeauty Squark

16. George W.S. Hou (NTU) R.H. Flavor Mass/Mixing Hierarchy & R.H. Flavor Sector Motivation: Abelian Flavor Symmetry Nir-Seiberg, PLB’93; Leurer-Nir-Seiberg, NPB’94 Commuting Charges mass V CKM no r.h. force Ansatz

17. George W.S. Hou (NTU) R.H. Flavor Mass/Mixing Hierarchy & R.H. Flavor Sector Motivation: Abelian Flavor Symmetry Nir-Seiberg, PLB’93; Leurer-Nir-Seiberg, NPB’94 Chua-WSH, PRL’01: Because of FCNC, Need 4 Texture Zeros (decouple s flavor) Arhrib-Chua-WSH, PRD’01: Decouple d flavor Commuting Charges Ansatz Alternative Picture: Chang, Masiero, Murayama GUT s-b Focus: s-b no r.h. force Prominent r.-h. elements

18. George W.S. Hou (NTU) Right-handed Quarks Inert in SM S  Right-handed Squarks SUSY RR Sector Impact b ⇄ s SUSY thru SUSY also important Assume 6 x 6

19. George W.S. Hou (NTU) Level Splitting by Large Mixing  Could Drive One State Light  1 CP Phase  Strange-Beauty squark Survive b  s  Constraint !! 1, 0.5 TeV 2, 0.5 1, 0.8 TeV 2, 0.8 Arhrib-Chua-WSH, PRD’01 w/ Large Flavor Violation Strong Dynamics

20. George W.S. Hou (NTU) A Little Note on Formalism … Besides O 1,2 Tree O 3-6 Strong Penguin O 7-10 EM/EW Penguin also O 11,12  /g Dipole Matrix Elements evaluated via Naïve Factorization main effect

21. George W.S. Hou (NTU) Belle BaBar History of S  0 and S  ’  0 200220032004 S  0 ~ -1 in 2003 …

22. George W.S. Hou (NTU) m ES S  ’K s Simpler (vs S  ’K s ) Frenzied work post summer 2003 S  K s S  K s ≲ 0 S K s   S  ’K s ➯ S K s  , S  ’K s ≅ sin2  B d S  ’K s Anticorrel. : Khalil & Kou ’03 for S  ’K s [Murayama et al. ’03] Fine Tuned Light Lower gluino mass S  K s Lower gluino mass lowers S  K s Prefer to keep gluino mass above 500 GeV (L.E. Constraints) 0.5 TeV Preferred Chua-WSH-Nagashima, PRL’04 Data was extreme … faded since.

23. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 23 Kinder, Gentler Benchmarks (SM-like) WSH-Nagashima, in prep.

24. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 24 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 4 Scenario 3 due to the anti-correlation cannot accommodate Anti-correlation tolerated for now Check in future. Natural TeV Scale Squark/Gluino w/ Flavor Viol.

25. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 25 Clean Probe for B d Valid Probe of right-handed dynamics B.Grinstein et al BaBar hep-ex/0507038 Belle hep-ex/0507059 discriminate btwn SM and sb~ model Can be tested at SuperB

26. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 26 to be covered @ LHCb!! Pin down Model parameters by B s measurements Scenario 4 can lead to surprises Scenario 4 e x c l u d e d Litmus Test with B s

27. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 27 4 th Generation A K +  0 Puzzle, P EW and 4 th Generation

28. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 28 (Direct) CP Violation Primer Need both CP Violating/Conserving Phase

29. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 29 Naively A CP ( K   ) ~ A CP ( K  ) A K ≠ A K?A K ≠ A K? A CP ( K    ) ~ 0.04 A CP ( K   )  A CP ( K  ) ~  16 _d_d d  KK u u BB sb A CP ( K    ) ~  12 Large C ? Large EWPenguin ?   3.8  Will focus on EWP, by adding t ’, of a sequential 4 th gen., in PQCD framework Ligeti (and SCET) Charng, Li He, McKellar Wu, Zhou Gronau, Rosner Kim, Oh, Yu Previous talk by H.n. Li PQCD

30. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 30 Z’ Buras @ CKM05 hep-ph/0412086 emphasized likely New Physics in EWP

31. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 31 Natural Impact on EWP w/ CPV Phase Why 4 th Generation?

32. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 32 from unitarity measured Phase safe Set CKM Unitarity Return to later

33. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 33 SM 4 SM 3 new unitarity condition new penguin from t’ Effective Hamiltonian and t’ Effect

34. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 34 Tree QCD penguin EW penguin SM4 naturally Impact on EWP Wilson Coefficients at M W Scale (No New Operators)

35. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 35 Effective SD Couplings

36. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 36 Natural to have particles with mass ~ EW scale, to keep t, W, Z, H company Existence of a 4 th generation: U (t ’ ), D (b ’ ), N, E Fit to EW precision data still not good. 4 th generation has trouble with S parameter, but - Two heavy generations excluded at more than 3  - Two and even three extra generations allowed when neutral leptons relatively light disfavored allowed (Maltoni,) Novikov, Okun, Razanov, Vysotsky Problem with 4 th Generation ? Unitarity demands only. Quite generous.

37. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 37 PDG04 Anyway, Should avoid Precision EW “Overkill” e.g. Higgs

38. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 38 A K  and A K   in PQCDF at LO SM 3

39. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 39 Factorizable Non- Factorizable Penguin Annihilation w/ Phase PQCD TP PaPa

40. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 40 Factorizable Non- Factorizable P EW (Ta)(Ta) C PQCD

41. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 41  B 0         B      0    B0 00 B0 00    B 0 B 0 But A K  and A K   in PQCDF at LO 20012005

42. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 42 A K  and A K   with 4 th Generation SM 4 WSH-Nagashima-Soddu, PRL’05

43. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 43 EWP t’ Effect through EWP

44. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 44 A CP ( K    ) ~  12, A CP ( K    ) ~ +0.04 ? ☞ A CP ( K    ) almost independent of t ’ ☞ A CP ( K   )  A CP ( K  ) > 0.1 demands  sb ~  /2 Large m t ’ and r sb Large Effect 

45. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 45 N.B.   ∵ T-P sign diff. ∴  perturbative Vary ~ changing (default) A CP (K   ) ~ 0 from Cancellation btwn  sb and  3  “adjustable” Vary  : A CP (K    ) ~  Possible

46. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 46 and Constraints SM 4

47. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 47 4 th generation not excluded favored allowed Arhrib and WSH Yanir Hattori, Hasuike and Wakaizumi Independently

48. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 48 From Constraints Some parameter space allowed  sb ~  /2 favored by both A CP ( K    ) and ⊕ A CP ( K    ) ~  12, A CP ( K    ) ~ +0.04 ?

49. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 49 Predictions:,, S K    , A K    SM 4

50. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 50 PDG04 New Avg. BR well satisfied Difficult even at SuperB ( SM 3 sensitivity) SM 3 N.B. ( RH probe ) is like SM3  exp

51. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 51 and Prospects Just Around Corner! (SM3-like) ~  to   ! Defintely BSM if measured ! Phase

52. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 52 Just Around Corner ? Tevatron ? LHC(b) ! Jesik @ LP05 Experiment: Know in few years

53. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 53 Naively assumed did not care about One may have suspicion that * b → s would spill over into s → d * ~ 0 is not necessarily true ! Reckoning with s  d and b  d WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0508237 (PRD’05) V ts V tb Large and Complex  Feed V td V ts Complexity  Need V t’d V t’s to Compensate

54. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 54 Parameterization for B’s (& K’s) From previous study WSH, Soni, Steger 1987 We need to deal with mixing matrix in detail to keep Unitarity SM3 impose

55. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 55 Constrain s  d from K Physics (J. Bijnens et al.) (E. Pallante et al.) Therefore…. well-satisfy ! “Standard” No SM3 solution (shaded )

56. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 56 well-satisfy Hard to tell apart (non-trivial) with present precision ∵ stringent s  d vs V ub ~ 0.01 e -i 

57. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 57 Double Cabibbo Large/Imaginary x ~ 0.22 “Typical” CKM Matrix

58. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 58 Implication for Rate enhanced up to almost two orders !! Grossman-Nir Current Upper Bound Very hard to measure and challenging… SM 3 enhanced to or even higher !! In general larger than !! ∵ Large CPV Phase

59. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 59

60. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 60 Blucher @ LP05

61. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 61 Other Implications is not in trouble (currently ) but, D 0 Mixing of great interest ! sum of first row …? b’ and t’ Search - m b’ just above 200 GeV feasible at Tevatron Run II - Decay via b’  c Charged Current - Discovery at LHC not a problem generic study w/ Arhrib

62. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 62 Right trend for S  K, S  K S  K , S K    in preparation w/ Nagashima, Raz, Soddu QCDF NLO s4 PQCD LO NF (QCDF-LO)

63. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 63 Robustness Against Hadronic Uncertainty Vary H ard spectator weak A nnihilation around “s4” value of BRs hadr. uncertainty S  K, S  K Robust ! S  ’K diluted away.

64. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 64 PQCD at NLO ? Our PQCD result is at LO. A recent study finds much larger color-suppressed tree (C) at NLO. (previous talk by Hsiang-nan Li) Li, Mishima, Sanda, hep-ph/0508041; may still need EWP Comment: Even if C larger than expected More param. Space for 4th gen. Solve both A   K + and S  0 K 0 problems!? proposed work WSH, Li, Nagashima

65. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 65 Collider Link: B s ; ; b ’, t ’ and FCNC

66. HEP-EPS 2005, July 21-27, Lisboa More data ! B factories : ~2-4  the present statistics at the end of 2008 Tevatron: ~2-4  the present statistics before LHC startup Cleo-c : ~10  the present statistics at  ’’ (3770)) LHCb :  m s : Outlook Expected unmixed B s  D s    sample in one year of LHCb data taking 5  observation up to  m s = 68 ps -1 1 yr  t ~ 40 fs B  s  J/  sensitive to the weak phase of V ts SM:  s     ~  0.04. One year :  (sin  s ) ~0.06 LHCb calorimeter at CERN Sensitivity to NP in the B s sector B s System B s right

67. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 67 e x c l u d e d R.H. Flavor SfSf A K +   0 and S f 4 th Generation

68. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 68 standard sbeauty reference 1 Discovery (> 10 evts) up to 300 GeV w/ 2 fb − 1 & sin 2  m >0.5 Single vs double b-tag contain info on sin  m b-tag cross section: check consistency vs mass A goner for Tevatron: Too Heavy! Collider Outlook K. Cheung and WSH, PRD’04

69. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 69 CMS Brochure (03) Collider Outlook

70. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 70 Search for S trange- B eauty squark at LHC e.g. CMS Brochure (03) Similar to study in PRD’04, K. Cheung and WSH [for TeV]

71. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 71 Detection Basically, just a “b”-squark in Production so, Discovery not a problem. Question is Decay: bino LSP or gravitino Can be Stable? (LSP) In principle  Heavy MIPs Need Good b-tagging ! [s-tagging?] sin 2  is b fraction

72. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 72 b ’, t ’ and FCNC at LHC Top FCNC ≲ 10  6 even with b’ Too small to probe SM Result in preparation w/ Arhrib

73. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 73 b ’, t ’ and FCNC at LHC 10-6 10  3 - 10  2 10  4 - 10  3

74. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 74 Summary Hint at New Physics S f in b  sqq and A K +  -  A K +  0 Hint at New Physics Explore NP CPV in b  s: Large, Unique Phase S B - R.H. S trange B eauty - 4 th Generation Predictions for B s, S f patterns, A CP in b  s , etc. Large K L     for 4 th Gen. Direct Search at Collider CPV Study at (Super)B Factory

75. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 75 Backup

76. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 76

77. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 77 LL LR RR RL Kane et al., PRD70, 035015 (2004)

78. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 78 B to K  decays P EW color suppressed

79. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 79 My first B paper

80. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 80 Why use conservative PDG04 ? Expt not yet Fully stable 2005 Great Agreement Belle 2004 ‘04

81. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 81 Buras @ CKM05 R c - R n Problem

82. NP in B and Collider George W.S. Hou (NTU) WHEPP-IX 82 R c - R n basically OK in PQCD Buras @ CKM05