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POWERPOINT ® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATION by LYNN CIALDELLA, MA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY AN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOURTH EDITION DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN UNIT 2 PART A 10 Sensory Physiology
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings About this Chapter General properties of sensory systems Somatic senses Chemoreception: Smell and taste The Ear: Hearing The Ear: Equilibrium
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings General Properties: Sensory Division
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Pathways Stimulus as physical energy sensory receptor Receptor acts as a transducer Intracellular signal usually change in membrane potential Stimulus > threshold action potential to CNS Integration in CNS cerebral cortex or acted on subconsciously
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatosensory Receptors Figure 10-1a
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatosensory Receptors Figure 10-1b
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10-1c Somatosensory Receptors
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Receptors
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Transduction Stimulus energy converted into information processed by CNS Ion channels or second messengers initiate membrane potential change Adequate stimulus: Preferred form of stimulus Threshold: Minimum stimulus Receptor potential: Change in sensory receptor membrane potential
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Receptive Fields of Sensory Neurons Figure 10-2
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Neurons: Two-Point Discrimination Figure 10-3a
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Neurons: Two-Point Discrimination Figure 10-3b
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Integration by CNS Sensory information either Spinal cord to brain by ascending pathways Directly to brain stem via cranial nerves Visceral reflexes integrated in brain stem or spinal cord usually do not reach conscious perception Perceptual threshold: Level of stimulus necessary to be aware of particular sensation
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10-4 (1 of 3) Sensory Pathways in the Brain Each major division of the brain processes one or more types of sensory information
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Pathways in the Brain Figure 10-4 (2 of 3)
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Pathways in the Brain Figure 10-4 (3 of 3)
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory Pathways in the Brain Figure 10-4
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus: Modality Indicated by where Sensory neurons are activated Neurons terminate in brain Specific to receptor type Labeled line coding 1:1 association of receptor with sensation
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus: Location According to which receptive fields are activated Auditory information is an exception Sensitive to different frequencies Lateral inhibition Increases contrast between activated receptive fields and inactive neighbors Population coding Multiple receptors functioning together
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus: Location Localization of Sound Figure 10-5
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus: Location Lateral inhibition Figure 10-6
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Intensity Coded by number of receptors activated and frequency of action potentials Duration Coded by duration of action potentials Some receptors can adapt or cease to respond Tonic receptors versus phasic receptors
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Sensory coding for stimulus intensity and duration Figure 10-7 Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a) (b) Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 0 Longer and stronger stimulus 051005 05 Threshold
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (1 of 6) Duration Amplitude 5100 (a)Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) 0
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (2 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 0 Threshold (a)Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) 0
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (3 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a)Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) 0
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (4 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a) (b) Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 0 Longer and stronger stimulus 0510
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (5 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a) (b) Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 0 Longer and stronger stimulus 051005 Threshold
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Properties of Stimulus Figure 10-7 (6 of 6) Duration Amplitude Time (sec) 51005 05 0 Threshold (a) (b) Stimulus 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 Membrane potential (mV) Membrane potential (mV) 20 -20 -40 -60 -80 0 0 Longer and stronger stimulus 051005 05 Threshold
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tonic and Phasic Receptors Figure 10-8a
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Tonic and Phasic Receptors Figure 10-8b
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses: Modalities Touch Proprioception Temperature Nociception Pain Itch
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways Sensory pathways cross the body’s midline Figure 10-9 (1 of 4)
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways Figure 10-9 (2 of 4)
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways Figure 10-9 (3 of 4)
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways Figure 10-9 (4 of 4)
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Somatic Senses Pathways Figure 10-9
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10-10 The Somatosensory Cortex
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10-11 Touch Receptors in the Skin Touch receptors are found in the skin and in deeper regions on the body
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Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Temperature Receptors Free nerve endings Terminate in subcutaneous layers Cold receptors Lower than body temperature Warm receptors Above body temperature to about 45°C Pain receptors activated above 45°C
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