1. Tables Layout Methods Audience Layout -. However, the scientific article has different pages beginning with the opening, then the methods, followed by results, comments, then the author information and finally the references so its overall layout is abstract. Can provide compelling examples. Most important. - The evidence presented is that a total of 1162 individuals out of the 1984 with baseline hearing loss had annual rates of decline in 3MS and Digit Symbol Substitution test. --On the 3MS, the annual score changes were −0.65 vs. −0.46 points per year (P =.004). On the Digit Symbol Substitution test, the annual score changes were −0.83 vs −0.63 points per year (P =.02). Compared to those with normal hearing, individuals with hearing loss at baseline had a 24% increased risk for incident cognitive impairment. -Rates of cognitive decline and the risk for incident cognitive impairment were linearly associated with the severity of an individual's baseline hearing loss. - They studied 1984 older adults (mean age, 77.4 years) enrolled in the Health ABC Study, the prospective observational study begun in 1997-1998. They’re baseline cohort consisted of participants without widespread cognitive impairment who underwent audiometric testing in year 5. Participants were followed up for 6 years. Cognitive testing was performed in years 5, 8, 10, and 11. Incident cognitive impairment was defined as a 3MS score of less than 80 or a decline in 3MS score of more than 5 points from baseline. -The tone of both articles is unbiased and both are just stating the findings of the research and the results. The popular article gives some reasons as to the explanation of the findings also. -The scientific study seeks to discover whether hearing loss is independently associated with accelerated cognitive decline in older adults is unknown. -The organization that sponsors the scientific article is the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging. The forum is run by Frank R. Lin, MD, PhD; Kristine Yaffe, MD; Jin Xia, MS; Qian-Li Xue, PhD; Tamara B. Harris, MD, MS; Elizabeth Purchase-Helzner, PhD; Suzanne Satterfield, MD, DrPH; Hilsa N. Ayonayon, PhD; Luigi Ferrucci, MD, PhD; Eleanor M. Simonsick, PhD. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Baseline (Year 5) Study Cohort by Hearing Statusa - The article seeks to explain the scientific report in a more simple version for ordinary citizens to understand. -The popular article is sponsored by CNN Health and is run by Dr. Sanjay Gupta and Elizabeth Cohen -Scientific Article would be other scientists looking to read up and check on their experiment. -The popular article is for those looking to find out more information on the subject, such as those that are experiencing hearing and memory loss. Evidence - The popular article has the title and then just proceeds to list facts in paragraph form. It also narrates the processes that the scientists did in a more simple way Examples -Finally, hearing loss may be mechanistically associated with cognitive decline, possibly through social isolation or cognitive load. Communication impairments caused by hearing loss can lead to social isolation and loneliness in older adults, and epidemiologic and neuroanatomic studies have demonstrated associations between loneliness and cognitive decline or dementia. -People with hearing loss took 7.7 years to have a five-point drop in their thinking skills, compared to 10.9 years for people with normal hearing. The hearing tests taken over a period of 11 years Theories -The Popular Article states different theories that were brought up by scientist Frank R. Lin. -One theory is that the brain is dedicating extra resources to try and hear what’s going on, it's probably taking away from other brain resources like thinking and memory -A second explanation, using the cell phone example, is that people experiencing lousy reception end up tuning out, because it’s so labor intensive to try to hear the call. This explanation plays into the idea of social isolation, which has been shown to have negative health effects including increased illness, death rates, and increased cognitive decline and dementia. -A third possible explanation is that some mechanism in the brain is affecting both hearing and brain function.