1. Non-Renewable Energy Resources

2. Global Energy Consumption by Source What is the total percentage for fossil fuels? – 80% What is the total percentage for nuclear?

3. Fossil fuels Oil (crude oil, petroleum) Coal Natural Gas  all formed millions to hundreds of millions of years ago – Carboniferous age (360-280 million years ago) ``cooking’’ of dead organic matter

4. How do we generate electricity from these fuel sources? -A fancy way of boiling water 1.Heat is generated by burning of fossil fuels or nuclear reaction 2.Heat causes water to boil which generates steam 3.Steam causes a turbine to spin which generates electricity

5. Coal -World coal production in 2010 -http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=4210

6. Coal

7. How does coal form? – Forms from dead and decaying organic material (plants) in swampy areas – As it gets buried, temperature and pressure “cook” it

8. Coal

9. Shaft mining – Less environmental impact than open pit – More dangerous

10. Coal Open pit coal mine – Very large! Some can be seen from space

11. Coal More impacts on the environment Less dangerous than shaft mining

12. Coal Burning coal produces air pollution All coal burning produces sulfur which can cause acid rain In China there are “blue sky” ratings based on the days Air Quality Index (AQI) as a result of air pollution

13. Natural Gas Mainly methane: CH 4 Does methane smell? – No. The gas that is piped into your home for heating or cooking has a smell added to it so you can detect a leak or malfunctioning appliance. Burns relatively cleanly

14. Natural Gas Electric power is the largest use of natural gas Residential use includes home heating and cooking

15. State-of-the-art landfill Captures methane

16. Natural Gas and Oil Formation In seas Small organisms—plants and animals—settled out in the mud at the bottom – Buried under more silt, mud – Cooked under heat and pressure Oil eventually moved into permeable rock—reservoirs—where oil is found today Tiny plants and animals

17. Natural Gas and Oil

18. Oil Top 10 oil producing countries for 2007 in millions of barrels per day (mbpd)

19. Oil (tar sands) Tar Sands in Alberta, Canada

20. Oil (tar sands)

21. Oil

22. Oil (tar sands)

24. Trans-Alaska Pipeline Prudhoe Bay Field Port of Valdez 1300 km (800 mi) long http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_alaska_pipeline

25. Trans-Alaska Pipeline http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_alaska_pipeline

26. http://response.restoration.noaa.gov Exxon Valdez aground on a reef, Prince William Sound, Alaska -March 1989 11 million gallons of oil were spilled (roughly equal to 17 Olympic size swimming pools)

27. Oil Deep ocean oil drilling is more difficult and more expensive than drilling on land

28. The Deepwater Horizon offshore oil platform caught fire and sank with the loss of 11 crew members, as the well was being closed pending later production. April 20, 2010

29. Oil

31. Peak Oil Peak Oil- the point in time when a maximum rate of oil extraction is reached

32. Peak Oil

33. Nuclear --Nuclear fission (splitting of atoms) generates heat -Uranium rods are used as a fuel source -uranium is not renewable

34. Nuclear NJ gets more than 50% of its energy from nuclear power Oyster Creek (1969) is the oldest operating nuclear plant in the U.S.

35. Nuclear Advantages – Produces less pollutants than coal, oil, or natural gas – Less fuel is needed One ton of uranium produces more energy than millions of tons of coal Disadvantages – Radioactive waste – Danger of nuclear “fallout”

36. Nuclear Chernobyl 1986, Ukraine Nuclear power plant explosion that released radioactive contamination into the atmosphere (called “fallout”) Exclusion zone includes approximately 20 mile radius surrounding the plant

37. Nuclear Three Mile Island Three Mile Island Video 1979, Pennsylvania

38. Nuclear Yucca Mountain Yucca Mountain Waste Depository Yucca Mountain Waste Depository Where do we keep radioactive waste?