1. THE EARLY HISTORY OF MALAYSIA
Chapter 1

2. The Early History Of Malaysia
Ancient (kuno) history
Paleolithic
Mesolithic
Neolithic
Metal Age

3. Paleolithic The characteristics: Exist 35,000 years ago Lived in caves
Main activity- collecting product & hunting
Started using stone tools
The tools simple & crude
Area- Tampan Estuary, Badak cave (Perak), Niah Cave(sarawak) & Tingkayu (sabah).

4. Mesolithic The characteristics: Exist 11,000 years ago
Live in caves, along rivers & lake
Started farming
Used more refined stone tools
Able to make earthenware
Area- Cha cave (Kelantan), Kecil cave (Pahang), Kepah Cave (Kedah), Jenderam Hilir (Selangor)

5. Neolithic The characteristic: Exist 5,000 years ago
Used more sophisticated stone tools.
Started rearing livestock
Started communicating with communities in other places
Started creating object and using accessories
Area- Cha cave(Kelantan), Madai cave(Sabah), Gamantang cave(Sabah), Tengkorak cave(sarawak)..etc

6. Metal Age The characteristic: Exist 2,500 years ago Population grew
Developed residential
Areas in wide open land near rivers
More orderly & sedentary lifestyle
Practices social customs
Area- Lang River(Selangor), Muar river(Johor),
Tembeling River(Pahang), Terengganu River (Trgnu)

7. Protohistory Age Arise on early kingdoms in the Malay Archipelago
It proves by founding of archaeological evidence & some record from Yunan, Arab, Persians, China & India.

8. What is Malay Archipelago???
Largest group of islands in the world
located off the southeastern coast of Asia between the Indian and Pacific oceans
It consists of the more than 13,000 islands of Indonesia and some 7,000 islands of the Philippines
Principal islands include the Greater Sunda Islands (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Celebes), the Lesser Sundas, the Moluccas, New Guinea, Luzon, Mindanao, and the Visayan Islands.

9. Malay kingdoms in Malay Archipelago
Funan- located in Kampuchea, influence by Old Kedah religion. E.g. Pengkalan Bujang
Old Kedah- monarchy system, strategic location, important entreport, influence by Hinduism & Buddhism.
Gangga Negara – port & trade centre
Langkasuka, Patani- trade centre, influence by Hinduism & Buddhism

10. cont’d…
Chih-tu, Kelantan- influence by Buddhism, strong relationship with China
Srivijaya, Sumatera- well-known trade centre, strong relationship with China & India, centre of Buddhism & Sanskrit language, own several vassal States.
Majapahit, Jawa- Owned several vassal states, trade centre, strong relationship with China, India & the Middle East.

11. THE MALAY KINGDOM OF MALACCA

12. THE MALAY KINGDOM OF MALACCA

13. THE MALAY KINGDOM OF MALACCA
Bendahara
Year
Bendahara Seri Wak Raja
Bendahara Seri Nara Diraja Tun Ali
Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Perak
Bendahara Tun Puteh
Bendahara Seri Maharaja Tun Mutahir
Bendahara Tepok Paduka Tuan
1445

14. The GOLDEN AGE of Malacca
Known as The Venice of The East
Spread of Islam
Vast territory
Strong trade relations with China & India
Empire of advance civilization

15. The GOLDEN AGE of Malacca

16. Named of Sultan of the Malay Kingdom of Malacca since 1400 until 1511 before it fall to the Portuguese.

17. Fall of the Malacca Empire
Factors decline of Malacca Empire
internal
external

18. Fall of the Malacca Empire
Internal
Sultan Mahmud Syah was a weak ruler. He paid little attention to the administration.
2. Weak administration and lacked an efficient leader. Chief Minister Tun Mutahir was a weak leader and there were often struggles for power.
3. Fights between Malays and Indian-Muslims. Chief Minister Tun Mutahir gave more attentions to Indian-Muslims people compared to Malays.
4. Merchant’s activities decreased. Defamation and bribing were rife and high taxes forces merchants to divert to other ports.
5. Sea people do not help Malacca against Portuguese. Continued misunderstanding and disputes caused segregation among the people.

19. Fall of the Malacca Empire
External
. Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. Bartholomew Diaz found the route in This made it easier to sail from the West to the East.
. Bad attitude from outsiders. Chinese and Indians merchants help Portuguese when the Malacca was attacked.
. Malacca was taken by Portuguese on The Portuguese took over Malacca on 25 August 1511 while Sultan Mahmud Syah escapes to Muar, Pahang and Bintan.
. Internal Conflicts. The weak disunity among peoples and high taxes caused many of the merchants to move to other ports.