1. INCOFISH WP 2 David J. Starkey University of Hull, UK “Shifting Baselines” “Shifting Baselines” Start-Up Workshop Kiel, 5 October 2005

2. Blaydes House 6, High Street Hull UK David J. Starkey Lecturer in Maritime History

3. The History of Marine Animal Populations The History of Marine Animal Populations Big Fish Eat Little Fish Pieter Brueghel the Elder Aim: to enhance knowledge and understanding of how and why the diversity, distribution and abundance of marine life in the world’s oceans changes over the long term

4. HMAP: Rationale Understanding the Past is Key to Ocean Management Today “Historical documentation of the long-term effects of fishing provides a heretofore-missing perspective for successful management and restoration of coastal marine ecosystems. Previous attempts have failed because they have focused only on the most recent symptoms of the problem rather than on their deep historical causes.” Jeremy Jackson, Science (2001)

5. HMAP Gulf of Maine We estimate the abundance of cod on the eastern and western Scotian Shelf combined to be 1.26 million metric tons in 1852. Canada’s Department of Fisheries has estimated that the total biomass for cod in NAFO divisions 4X 4Vs 4W (a larger area than that fished in1852) is now less than 50,000mt – about 4% of the adult biomass in 1852. Andrew Rosenberg et al, Frontiers in Ecology (2005)

6. INCOFISH WP2 Goal: To examine the patterns of long-term change in selected coastal ecosystems and thereby establish targets for the restoration and sustainable use of living marine resources

7. INCOFISH WP2 Objectives: 1. To identify, validate and assemble historical data relating to key aquatic resources in selected LMEs 2. To collate, analyse and disseminate historical data collected and processed in [1] 3. To establish baselines against which the current status of aquatic resources and LMEs can be evaluated

8. Deliverables: INCOFISH WP2 D2.1: construct database of historical data (available through WP1, month 19) D2.2: assemble baseline data from 2.1 in database (supply to other WPs; disseminate via WP1, month 25) D2.3: report on baseline data and analysis (month 34) D2.4: publish 5+ scientific papers (month 34)

9. Milestones: INCOFISH WP2 Workshop 1 (month 4 … oh dear!!) Workshop 2 (month 27)

10. INCOFISH WP2 Progress so far … [1] Joanne Phillips BSc Marine Biology MSc Coastal Fisheries John Nicholls IT Advisor Hull team assembled

11. INCOFISH WP2 Progress so far … [2] 8 partners contracted Parameters of partners’ research project established (more or less … )

12. INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS Denmark University of Southern Denmark (SDU) Estonia Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu Galapagos Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF) United Kingdom The University of Aberdeen (UNIABDN) The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK (CEFAS) Maritime Historical Studies Centre, Hull Colombia Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) Peru Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE)

13. INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS LocationHumboldt Current LME Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE) Timeframe1950 - 2004 SpeciesHake (Merluccius gayi peruanus) Lumptail searobin (Prionotus stephanophrys) Peruvian rock seabass (Paralabrax humeralis) Peruvian banded croaker (Paralonchurus peruanus)

15. INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS LocationGalapagos Marine Reserve Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF) Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF) Timeframe1950 - 2004 SpeciesSea cucumber Spiny lobster, Slipper lobster Some bony fish

16. INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS LocationColumbian Caribbean Sea (13 o N – 8 o N; 71 o W – 77 o W) Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) Timeframe1970 - present SpeciesSnappers (Lutjanidae) Sharks & Rays Invertebrates

17. INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS LocationEast Baltic Sea – Estonian and Russian coasts Baltic coasts of Denmark and Sweden Estonian Marine Institute, University of Tartu Timeframe1600 - present SpeciesCoastal - perch, pike, roach Open water - cod, herring, sprat, flatfish

18. Baltic Sea – hydrographic gradients affect species distribution Salinity Temperature -relatively few species due to physiological stress Relatively few species due to Physiological stress

19. INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS LocationWadden Sea - SW coastal part of Denmark NW coast of Germany and N coast of The Netherlands University of Southern Denmark (SDU) University of Southern Denmark (SDU) TimeframeLast 1000 years of exploitation concentrating on the period from 1600 up to the present SpeciesAll species, especially indicator species and key commercial species

20. INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS Location North Sea … off the Scottish coast University of Aberdeen (UNIABDN) Timeframeto be announced Speciesto be announced

21. INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS Location North Sea The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK (CEFAS) Timeframe 1880 – present (especially 1991+) Species 65 functional groups (including 36 fishes, seabirds, 8 groups of sharks & rays, 3 groups of marine mammals, discards/offal)

22. The North Sea (ICES area IV; LME 22) Spawning Stock Biomass, 1960-2005

23. INCOFISH WP2 PARTNERS Locationto be decided University of Hull (UHULL) Timeframeto be decided Speciesto be decided

24. INCOFISH WP2: Next Steps Consider WP2 objectives Establish roles & responsibilities within WP2 Devise collaboration strategy re: other WPs other projects other projects Assign deliverables: Assign deliverables: publication strategy Confirm parameters of research projects Consider database design Revise milestones

25. INCOFISH WP 2 David J. Starkey (d.j.starkey@hull.ac.uk) Joanne Phillips (j.phillips@hull.ac.uk) John Nicholls (j.nicholls@hull.ac.uk) Maritime Historical Studies Centre (MHSC) Blaydes House 6 High Street Hull HU1 1HA United Kingdom Tel. +44 (0)1482 305119 Fax.+44 (0)1482 305116