1. Grief and the Family System

2. Family Structure Nuclear Family Nuclear Family Remarried Family Remarried Family Extended Family Extended Family Unmarried Partners (Domestic Partner) Unmarried Partners (Domestic Partner)

3. Family Governance Patriarchal Patriarchal Matriarchal Matriarchal Egalitarian Egalitarian

4. Family Roles Family creates roles for its individuals. Family creates roles for its individuals. Death results in a reorganization of family roles. Death results in a reorganization of family roles. Instrumental level: task-oriented functions Instrumental level: task-oriented functions Emotional level: peacekeeper, nurturer etc. Emotional level: peacekeeper, nurturer etc.

5. Family Structure Open Open Closed Closed Random Random

6. Additional Criteria of the Family Network Family cohesion Family cohesion Flexibility Flexibility Communication Communication

7. Religious Beliefs and Practices Family Resources Family Life Cycle and Loss Experience

8. Death as a Family Crisis 2 major tasks that promote adaptation: 2 major tasks that promote adaptation: Shared acknowledgment of the reality of death and the experience of loss. Shared acknowledgment of the reality of death and the experience of loss. Reorganizing and reinvesting in other relationships and life pursuits. Reorganizing and reinvesting in other relationships and life pursuits.

9. Factors Influencing Adaptation Terminal illness. Terminal illness. Sudden, accidental or violent death. Sudden, accidental or violent death. Unspeakable death. Unspeakable death. Minimized or unacknowledged loss. Minimized or unacknowledged loss.

10. Potential Conflicts for Family Members Before Death: Before Death: At Time of Death: At Time of Death: After the Death: After the Death:

11. Healing Tasks for the Grieving Family (Worden) Task I: Sharing Acknowledgment of Death or Other Traumatic Loss Task I: Sharing Acknowledgment of Death or Other Traumatic Loss Denial vs. Acceptance of Reality Denial vs. Acceptance of Reality Closed vs. Open Intrafamily Communication Closed vs. Open Intrafamily Communication Inactivity vs. Activity Inactivity vs. Activity Closed vs. Open Communication Beyond the Family Closed vs. Open Communication Beyond the Family

12. Task II: Sharing the Pain and Grief Storytelling Storytelling Conspiracy of Silence Conspiracy of Silence Expressions of Emotions Expressions of Emotions

13. Task III: Reorganizing the Family System Realignments and Reallocations Realignments and Reallocations Evaluation of Ambiguous Limits and Rules Evaluation of Ambiguous Limits and Rules Adopting New Family Organization Structures Adopting New Family Organization Structures Starting a Subsequent Pregnancy Starting a Subsequent Pregnancy Replacement Concerns Replacement Concerns Traumatic Losses Traumatic Losses

14. Task IV: Creating New Directions, Relationships, and Goals Moving on in the face of loss. Moving on in the face of loss. Creating new traditions. Creating new traditions.