1. 8 th Grade Chapter 21 & 22 Guided Notes “Changes in American Life” and “The Progressive Era”

2. Section One: “Cities Grow and Change” The Industrial Revolution changed _______ and _________ people worked. It led to more ________ jobs and _________________, the growth of cities resulting from industrialization. ______________ helped cities grow and made modern city life possible. The ____________ made it possible to have buildings larger than 4 stories. The first one was created in 1889 by the _________ _________. The use of _________ also helped increase the height of buildings. “Urban Disasters and Slums” The concentration of people in cities increased the factory

3. danger of ___________ because people and buildings were packed closely together. ____________ and _________ also threatened peoples’ lives. As people flocked to cities, _____________ became a serious problem. People who could not afford to buy a house lived in _____________, apartment houses that are usually run-down and overcrowded. Old buildings, ________________, poor design and little ________________ led to dangerous conditions. Oftentimes, the tenements were severely ______________. Inadequate _________________ also caused problems. Many tenements had no _________________.

4. A neighborhood with such overcrowded, dangerous housing was called a ___________. Some people fought to reform, change, the problems of the slums. Inspired by the ______________ movement, some people established _____________ __________, which provided daycare, education, and health care to needy people. Many founders of settlement houses were educated middle-class women such as _______________who founded ______________. “Political Machines Run Cities” ____________________ were another organization that addressed the problems of the city.

5. A ____________________ is an organization that influences enough votes to control a local government. They gained support by trading ______ for ____________, and also did ___________things. The most famous political machine was __________ ______ in NYC, led by _____________________. Along with his friends, he stole enormous amounts of money from the city. Still, they did a number of good things for cities, such as building ____________, sewers, schools, ___________, etc. They also often helped _______ _________ get settled in the U.S.

6. Section 2: “The New Immigrants” Read “One American’s Story” p. 614. “The New Immigrants” Until the 1890s, most immigrants to the U.S. came from ___ and ____ Europe; after 1900 more came from ___ and ____ Europe. _____________ was the first stop for most immigrants from Europe. There they were ___ _________before they could enter the U.S. First, they had to pass a ___________________. Next, they were asked a series of questions: Name? ___________? How much _________ do you have? While European immigrants passed through Ellis

7. Island, Asian landed at __________________ in San Francisco. Here, most ______________ immigrants were held in filthy buildings for several weeks. Mexican immigrants entered the U.S. through _____ “Settling in America” Immigrants settled where they could find ________ and contributed to the growth of cities such as ____ _________, Boston, and ____________. About ___ settled in 4 industrial states: _____, ____, ____, and ____. People with similar ______________________often moved to the same neighborhood. They pooled money to build places of __________ for their

8. Neighborhoods. They also published ____________ and supported _________________. “Immigrants Take Tough Jobs” Immigrants took whatever ________they could get. Chinese immigrants set up businesses such as _____ ________ and __________. Large numbers of ______________ immigrants first came to Hawaii in 1885 to work on sugar plantations. ______________ immigrants increased in 1910 when revolution forced them to flee. They mainly settled in the ____. “Becoming Americans” The process of blending into a society is called

9. _________________. Employers and labor unions offered classes in ______________ and English. At the same time that they were learning about America, they were ____________ it. Despite efforts to assimilate, immigrants faced ____ ___________ from native-born Americans, who thought they would not fit in to a democratic society since they would be controlled by ______________. Americans pushed for _______________ to reduce the numbers of new immigrants coming to America. “Restrictions on Immigration” Many Americans also feared that they would have to compete with immigrants for _________.

10. Immigrants were often desperate for jobs and would often work for _______________ in ____________ ________ than other Americans. These fears led to a surge in ____________________ to immigration. The placed ________ on new immigrants and banned specific groups. _________________ faced deeper prejudice than European immigrants, and _______ faced some of the worst. In 1882, Congress passed the ________________________, which banned Chinese immigration for ten years.

11. Chapter 22 “The Progressive Era”

12. Section 1: “Roosevelt and Progressivism” Read “One American’s Story” p. 639. “The Rise of Progressivism” In addition to the living conditions in cities, a _____ _________ in the 1890s made problems worse. In addition, _________________and _____________ _____________ had take over control of city and state governments as well as the economy. To attack these problems, individuals created what became know as _________________. About 1900, a new group of writers began to expose corruption in American society. They were called _________ and created a public demand for reform.

13. The progressive reformers shared at least 3 basic goals: 1) to reform ________ and expand democracy, 2) to promote ______________, and 3) to create _____________ reform. “Roosevelt and the Square Deal” _____________________ was the first progressive president. He won fame fighting the in __________ ____________ in Cuba. In 1900 he ran on the Republican ticket as President _______________ vice president. After 6 months as president, an assassin shot McKinley. Roosevelt was the _______________ person to become president at 42. He gained the

14. support for reform. Roosevelt began his reforms with an effort to break up the ___________________ and thought industries should be _______________ for the public interest. Roosevelt believed that the gov’t’s purpose was to ensure fairness or a “_________________” for workers, consumers, and big business. Roosevelt used the ________________________, which had been passed in 1890, but not enforced, to root out corruption. One of his first targets was the ________________, a trust that he busted.

15. Roosevelt was not again big business, but he opposed any trust that worked against the ________ ___________. He also broke up the ____________ _________ and a ___________ trust. “Roosevelt Leads Progressive Reforms” To make some reforms, Roosevelt received help from _____________, and Congress passed laws that helped change society. After reading Sinclair Lewis’ _________________, he acted to regulate the meat-packing industry. In 1906, Roosevelt signed the ___________________ and the __________________ which inspected food and banned the sale of impure foods and medicines.

16. Although Roosevelt believed that _______________ was morally wrong, he did not take the political risk of a fight for ________________. Roosevelt was a strong crusader for ____________. He camped with naturalist _________________ for 4 days in Yosemite Valley, and because he loved the area so much, he set out to preserve it. He preserved more than ___________ acres of public lands. When Congress refused to establish any more national parks, he used the Antiquities Act to create ________________ instead. Section 2: “Women Win New Rights” Many women progressives were active in the

17. Struggle for woman _____________, or the right to vote. ____________________ served as president for the ____________________________________ (NAWSA). Two years later, in 1892, __________ __________ became president. The NAWSA first focused on ________ campaigns to win the right to vote. By 1896, only 4 states allowed women to vote: ____, ____, ____ and ___. By 1914, 7 W. states had approved full suffrage for women. “The Nineteenth Amendment” The United States’ entry into __________ in 1917 made the final difference. __________________,

18. president of the NAWSA argued that the nation could no longer deny the right to vote to women, who were supporting the war effort by selling _________ and organizing _____________. In 1918, the House passed the _________________, which gave women full voting rights. The _______ approved it in 1919, and in 1920, the states ratified it.