1. Key Terms Trade Unions – terms Arbitration – settlement of a dispute by intervention of a neutral third party Closed shop – an arrangement whereby all employees in an organisation have to belong to a specified union (now outlawed) Collective bargaining – Bargaining between employers and trade unions acting collectively on behalf of members. Employee relations – Various aspects of the relationship between employers and employees.

2. Trade Union terms (cont) Employers’ federation – an association of employers within a sector of the economy of country Incomes policy – Government intervention I the pay negotiation process used to keep pay increases under control Industrial action – Generic name for sanctions imposed by unions in support of a pay claim or some other dispute Industrial democracy – attempts to increase employee participation in decision making Industrial dispute – dispute between employees and employers

3. Trade Union terms (cont) Negotiation – the process of reaching an agreement by discussion Participation – involvement of employees in decision making Restrictive labour practice – a policy of organised labour to control the way work is organised to preserve the interests of the workers Staff associations – a recognised association of employees that fulfils some, but not all, trade union fuctions

4. Trade Union terms (cont) Trade dispute – a dispute between an employers and employee Trade union – an organisation of employees established to further their interests

5. Rewards Bonus scheme – employee incentive applied either individually or to a group Broadbanding – the compression of a hierarchy of pay grades into a small number of wide bands Job evaluation – the placing of jobs in order of rank so that employees can be rated fairly Measure day work – pre-specified daily output in return for a fixed daily rate of pay

6. Rewards (cont) Performance related pay – payment of a bonus linked to subjective measure of individual performance Piece rate – pay related to the number of units of output Profit-related pay – an element of pay is linked to company profits Salary – A fixed annual amount, payable I 12 or 13 equal instalments Wage – weekly cash payments that are subject to fluctuation depending on overtime, piece rate, bonuses and so on

7. HR Planning Core worker – employees regarded as being central importance Human resource management – those aspects of management which deal with the human side of the business Labour turnover – a measure of the extent to which employees enter and leave an organisation Human resource planning – a comparison of the organisations existing human resources against its forecast needs

8. HR Planning (cont) Peripheral workers – part-time, temporary and subcontracted workers who are not part of the core Recruitment and selection – attracting a field of applicants to fill a vacancy and selecting the right person Redundancy – termination of employment caused by an inadequate level of work Training – investment in human resources to improve effectiveness/efficiency Unfair dismissal – the sacking of a protected employee for any reason other than, incapacity, misconduct, redundancy or some other substantial reason

9. Teams Empowerment – the practice of giving employees the right to control their activities Group – a number of people who interact with one another Team – a working group, the members of which cooperate and coordinate their activities and enthusiastically work to achieve the group’s aims