1. CP Chemistry Unit 12 Solutions Introductory Concepts

2. Standards  3.1.10 C Apply patterns as repeated processes or recurring elements in science and technology.  3.1.10 E Describe patterns of change in nature, physical and manmade systems.  3.4.10 A Explain concepts about the structure and properties of matter.

3. Solutions are …  Homogeneous mixtures Uniform throughout Uniform throughout Variable proportions Variable proportions  Composed of two parts … Solvent: Solvent: Solute: Solute:

4. Solutions can be described …  Qualitatively Dilute Dilute Concentrated Concentrated  Quantitatively Mass Percent = g solute / g of solution Mass Percent = g solute / g of solution Molarity = number of moles / liter of solution Molarity = number of moles / liter of solution

5. Solubility Rules … 1. Most nitrate salts are soluble. 2. Most salts of Na +, K +, and NH 4 + are soluble. 3. Most chloride salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are AgCl, PbCl 2, Hg 2 Cl 2 4. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are … See full table on p. 218

6. Solubility Curves  Important because at a glance they tell us how much solute dissolves in 100 g of solvent (usually water) at different temperatures.

7. Solutions can be …  Unsaturated … Contain less solute than the maximum Contain less solute than the maximum  Saturated … Contain the maximum solute possible Contain the maximum solute possible  Supersaturated … Contain more solute than the maximum Contain more solute than the maximum

8. Growing Crystals 1. Make a saturated solution 2. Place your seed crystal in the container 3. Slowly allow the solution to evaporate

9. Tonight  Read 15.1 – 15.3 (pp. 467-473)  Complete the Solutions …Introductory Concepts worksheet