1. Basic Chemistry Atom Building block of all matter Over 100 elements HONC, PS are 6 elements most commonly found in living organisms Molecule Combination of atoms by chemical bonds CO 2, H 2 O, C 6 H 12 O 6, O 2 O 2 is a molecule but not a compound. Explain.

2. Mixtures Combination of more than one type of molecule Solution Homogeneous and clear solute solvent The solute is dissolved in the solvent Sea water, Kool-Aid

3. Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixture Inconsistent and cloudy Muddy water, Blood, Soil

4. Chemical Reactions The rearrangement of atoms 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 (Reactants) (Products)

5. Chemical Reactions Exothermic Reaction Energy is released Endothermic Reaction more energy is used than produced. Activation Energy Energy req’d to start rxn Catalyst Decreases AE Speeds up rxns Energy Time

6. H 2 O + H = H 3 O + OH -

7. Acids and Bases Dissociation of water H 2 O  H + + OH - pH Scale (each step is multiple of 10) Acid pH < 7 More H + than OH - Base pH > 7 More OH - than H + 01234567891011121314

8. Chemical Reactions Review In an endothermic reaction where is the heat going to, the system or the environment? NH 4 NO 3 +heat  NH 4 + + NO 3 - 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + heat  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 Is energy mostly released or absorbed? Is this reaction exergonic or endergonic? Where does the absorbed energy go?