1. E XPLAIN IN TERMS OF POLARITY AND SOLUBILITY WHAT IS OCCURRING WHEN : A. The food colouring is added to the pop bottle B. The oil is added to the pop bottle C. The Alka-Seltzer is added to the pop bottle D. The chemical reaction is complete

2. A. The food colouring is added to the pop bottle The food colouring and water are soluble. Using the rule “like dissolves like” we can assume the food colouring must also be polar because water is polar. B. The oil is added to the pop bottle The oil and water were insoluble. They formed two distinct layers in the pop bottle. Because water is polar, oil must be non-polar.

3. C. The Alka-Seltzer is added to the pop bottle The Alka-Seltzer tablet reacts with the water to produce carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide is soluble in water, so the bubbles attach themselves to droplets of the coloured water and cause them to float to the surface. When the bubbles pop, the water droplets sink back to the bottom of the bottle. D. The chemical reaction is complete The water and oil are again in two distinct layers because they are immiscible.

4. S OLUBILITY

5. R ECALL : Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more compounds, a solute and a solvent, where the solute is evenly dispersed throughout the solvent.

6. Solutions can be: unsaturated saturated supersaturated A solution’s saturation level is determined by how much solute is dissolved in the solvent.

7. U NSATURATED An unsaturated solution is one that holds less than the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature. i.e. You put one teaspoon of sugar into your tea and it all dissolves. If you wanted to you could add more sugar to make your tea sweeter and the extra sugar would still dissolve

8. S ATURATED A saturated solution is one that holds the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature. i.e. You add as much sugar as you can to your tea so that all the sugar dissolves. If you added one more grain of sugar it would not dissolve.

9. S UPERSATURATED A supersaturated solution is one that holds more than the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature. The warmer the solvent the more solute can dissolve in it. As a solution cools the precipitate will precipitate out of solution in its original form. i.e. You add as much sugar as you can to your tea so that all the sugar dissolves. You leave your tea to cool because it is too hot to drink and some sugar starts to reappear in the bottom of your cup.

10. R ECALL Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a specific temperature. i.e. The amount of solute that will produce a saturated solution.