1. Cells Capture and Release Energy
Chapter 2.2C

2. Warm-up—COPY!!!
The Sun provides much of the energy needed for ALL living things. How?
Describe the difference between chlorophyll and chloroplasts.
Where would a plant store energy?
What is one of the main activities that take place in mitochondria? Does this happen in a plant or an animal cell?
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration “complement” each other?
What are the two main types of fermentation and what are their products?
Why do your muscles burn when you exercise?

3. All Cells Need Energy Plant cells—energy from sunlight
Animal cells—energy from food
Chemical energy—stored in bonds between atoms of every molecule
Major source of energy is stored in a sugar molecule called glucose

4. Photosynthesis
Plants change the energy absorbed from the sun into the chemical energy in glucose
Chlorophyll (pigment found in chloroplasts) traps the energy in sunlight
Carbon dioxide from air, water from soilenergy from sunlight changes CO2 and H2O into…glucose and oxygen (oxygen expelled as waste, glucose used for energy)

5. Glucose is used as well as stored
Stored glucose links together to form a starch, which can later be broken back down to form glucose for energy

6. All Cells Release Energy
When the bonds of a sugar molecule are broken down, energy is released that can be used by the cell
Two basic processes: cellular respiration and fermentation

7. Cellular Respiration Takes place in mitochondria
Sugars and oxygenglucose in cytoplasm is broken down releasing energy; after moving into the mitochondria, oxygen also enters in, combining with hydrogen to make waterenergy, carbon dioxide and water

9. Fermentation (Eukaryotic) Cells release energy without oxygen
Two main types: alcoholic and lactic acid
Products of alcoholic
fermentation:
Bread
Products of lactic acid fermentation:
Yogurt
Cheese
Sourdough bread

10. Exercise
During prolonged exercise, your body uses all of its energy and oxygen, then relies on fermentation to break down sugars
When your cells use fermentation, it can cause a burning sensation in your muscles
After resting and breathing hard (taking in more oxygen), your muscles are able to finish releasing energy and store more energy to use for next time