1. Reproductive Technologies In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

2. Normal Fertilization

4. IVF: In vitro fertilization In vitro: in glass Fertilization: Ova + Sperm

5. Hormonal treatment Female Harvest the ovum Mix in a test tube Natural ejaculation Collect semen Mature Ova Motile sperms Keep to develop embryo Transfer to mother Male Basic Principle of IVF

7. Oocytes with granulosa cells "Naked" Oocyte

8. 8-cell embryo for transfer

9. Blastocyst for transfer

10. Implantation

11. Fourteen Days after Initial Cell Division

12. Viable Fetus

13. After Birth

14. Cryopreservation of Ova, Sperm and Embryo

15. Risks Superovulation Stimulates Egg Development Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS) -could cause ovarian enlargement, fluid in the abdomen, difficulty breathing, kidney failure and blood clots which in rare and extreme circumstances can even result in death. -common side effects include bloating, enlarged ovaries, nausea, diarrhea, and tender breasts.

16. Normal results success rates vary widely between clinics and between physicians performing the procedure and implantation does not guarantee pregnancy procedure may have to be repeated more than once to achieve pregnancy success rates have improved in recent years, up from 20% in 1995 to 27% in 2001. Abnormal results an ectopic or multiple pregnancy may abort spontaneously or may require termination if the health of the mother is at risk. the number of multiple pregnancies has decreased in recent years as technical advances and professional guidelines have led to implanting of fewer embryos per attempt.

17. Bypassing the natural method of conception. The creation of life in the laboratory. Fertilization of more embryos than will be needed. Discarding of excess embryos. Unnatural environment for embryos. Use of untested technology. Not affordable for many. Misallocation of medical resources. Ethics http://www.psychologytoday.co m/files/u818/babies- money_6189731.jpg

18. Creation of embryos, then freezing them, and keeping them "in limbo" Exposure of embryos to unnatural substances Destruction of embryos in research Potential to create embryos for medical purposes Potential to select embryos (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis)  My Sister’s Keeper Potential to modify embryos (designer babies) http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/img/origi nal/designer_baby_2.jpg

19. Facilitation of the idea that embryos are commodities. Financial rewards for IVF doctors dissuade them from recommending other methods to couples. Infertility is treated as a disease and not as a symptom of underlying medical problems.

20. Separating the traditional mother-father model Pregnancy past menopause Religious objections