2. A.Located on Northeastern coast of Africa B.World’s longest river 1.4,000 miles long 2.It outlets into the Mediterranean Sea Delta NILENILE

4. C.Cataracts-rushing water; foaming rapids 1.First cataract on the Nile River- southern boundary of Ancient Egypt 2.The River mostly flows in a single form; Later it divides to form a triangle of marshy wetlands called the delta.

6. A.Egypt has very little rain B.There are annual floods that are very important to the farmers –They measured time by the river –There are three seasons 1. Flooding 2. Planting 3. Harvesting

8. A.Fertile, dark soiled valley- called Kemet meaning “The Black Land” B.Desert area is called Deshret meaning “The Red Land” III. The Land

10. A.The natural barriers protect and isolate Egypt 1.Sahara Desert to the East and West 2.Mountains in the South 3.Mediterranean Sea to the North 4.Cataracts blocked enemy boats from the South from reaching Egypt 5.Nile Delta- offered no harbors for invader’s boats

11. A.Water for irrigation and farming B.Mud: thick, black, enriched soil for planting C.Fish, ducks, and geese D.Papyrus: a long, thin reed that grew along the river bank 1.Used to make paper, baskets, and sandals 2.Used papyrus to write symbols called hieroglyphics Papyrus Papyrus Paper Papyrus Sandals

13. A.Not easy to read (few knew how to read and write) B.Used pictures to stand for objects, ideas, sounds C.Over 700 signs 1.Very Complex- Scribes spent many years in schools

15. A.Earliest rulers were village chiefs B.Chiefs united several villages to form kingdoms C.4000 BC- Egypt was made up of two kingdoms 1. Upper Egypt Southern part of Egypt on the Nile river Kings crown was tall, white, and pear shaped 2. Lower Egypt Northern part of Egypt on the Nile delta Kings crown- short, boxy, red with a tall spike and curlicue at the front D.King Narmer from Upper Egypt- unified upper and lower Egypt 1.He created a new double crown 2.He also formed Egypt’s first dynasty

17. A.Egypt was ruled by 31 different dynasties which lasted 2,800 years. B.These dynasties are grouped into three main time periods 1.Old Kingdom 2.Middle Kingdom 3.New Kingdom

19. Top: King and his family Upper Class: Priests, army commanders, nobles Middle Class: Scribes, traders, artisans Bottom: Farmers, slaves