1. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1 The Internet and Its Uses Working at a Small-to-Medium Business or ISP – Chapter 1

2. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Objectives  Describe how the Internet is evolving and the various ways that businesses are using the Internet.  Describe the importance of standards in the continuing growth of the Internet.  Describe the purpose of an ISP and the services that it offers.  Describe the hierarchical structure of the Internet and the purpose of the Point of Presence (POP) and the Internet Exchange Point (IXP).  Identify the types of devices used in by the ISP to provide services and describe the importance of scalability in the ISP network.  Describe the various network support teams that work at an ISP and the roles and responsibilities of each one.

3. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Internet in Business  E-commerce – business over the web – online shopping, Ebay, etc.  Communication – email, IM, VoIP  Collaboration & Training – document sharing – remote work environment

4. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Standards and the Internet  Standards – set of rules how something must be done – makes it possible for different devices to send information over the Internet  RFC (Request for Comments) –Records each step of a standard development

5. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ISP Services  A company through which a subscriber gains access  Equipment co-location – internal network equipment  Web hosting  FTP hosting  VoIP  Tech support

6. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Internet Connectivity Options  Dial-up –Inexpensive –Uses phone with a modem –Slowest connection (56kbps)  Cable –Offered by cable TV –Cable modem separates signals –Faster connection (512 kbps)  Satellite –128 – 512 kbps depending on service

7. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Internet Connectivity Options  DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) –More expensive than dial up –Faster connectivity –Uses phone line with continuous connection –DSL modem separates signals  ADSL (Asymmetric) –Suitable for the home user –Download speed faster than upload  SDSL (Symmetric) –Suitable for small-to-medium business –Upload and download speeds the same

8. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Bandwidth Connections  T1 – can transmit up to 1.544 Mbps – symmetrical – E1 (European) can transmit at 2.048 Mbps  T3 – can transmit up to 45 Mbps – used for larger businesses with more employees – E3 (European) can transmit at 34.368 Mbps  MetroEthernet – used by large companies with many branches in the same city – can transmit up to 10 Gbps

9. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Internet Hierarchy  ISP POPs connect to either a – IXP (Internet Exchange Point) or – NAP (Network Access Point)  Over 100 points worldwide  Fiber used to connect the Internet backbone – also can run under the sea

10. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ISP Tiers  Tier 1 –Huge organizations that connect with each other –Span several continents  Tier 2 –Pay Tier 1 to carry traffic across continents  Tier 3 –Most major cities –Provides customer with local Internet access –Pays Tiers 1 & 2 for their services

11. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Devices Used for ISPs to Communicate  Access Devices  DSLAM (DSL Access Multiplexer)  CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)  Modems  Border Gateway Routers  Enable ISP to connect to another ISP  Servers

12. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ISP Responsibilities  Customer Service  Planning & Provisioning  helps determine whether customer needs new or can use existing hardware  On-site  which equipment needs to be installed  NOC (Network Operating Center)  monitors and tests connectivity  Help Desk  notifies customer when circuit is ready for operation

13. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Summary  Businesses use the Internet for e-commerce, communications, collaboration, and training.  Internetworking standards ensure that all devices connecting to the Internet use the same set of rules.  All Internet connections are made through an Internet Service Provider (ISP).  Multiple ISPs join together at an Internet Exchange Point (IXP) to gain access to each other’s networks.  ISPs must provide a reliable and scalable network.  ISP organizations are composed of many teams offering a range of support services.

14. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 14 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public