1. The Effects of the Great War US History Mrs. Toth 2011-2012

2. Labor Issues Shortage of the Workforce: Men were fighting at war Women took jobs held by men 150,000 Mexicans entered the US African-American moving North for job opportunities

3. War Industries Board What Was It? A Board that encouraged companies to use mass production techniques to increase efficiency Eliminate wastes by standardizing products What Did It Do? Set Production Quotas Allocated Raw Materials Allocated Raw Materials How Did It Help? Production increased 20% Wages became higher especially for blue collar workers

4. The Great Migration The movement of African Americans from the South to Northern cities between 1915 and 1930 They were moving North to escape discrimination and to find better job opportunities

6. Racial Tensions Military Service Restricted = SUPPORT ONLY! WHY SUPPORT IF YOU ARE DISCRIMINATED AGAINST??

7. American Attitudes STAY OUT!! Political and Religious Personal:1/3 immigrants had family back home! Wilson’s 1912 Campaign: “He Kept Us Out of War”

8. Food Administration Set up by Wilson and Hoover MEATLESSWHEATLESSSWEETLESSPORKLESS

9. Liberty Bonds Increased Taxes Financed the War

11. Patriotic Organizations G rowing Gardens R ecycling Campaigns O rganizers W orkers N urses

12. Silencing the Opposition Traitors Espionage and Sedition Acts 1 st Amendment Rights Schenck vs. The United States

13. END of WWI

14. Armistice November 11, 1918: The “eleventh day of the eleventh hour of the eleventh month” Ended the Fighting of World War I Fourteen Points: Wilson’s Plan Points 1—5: Points 6-14:

15. Fourteen Points Points 1-5: Freedom of the Seas, No secret treaties between nations, and self determination (can determine your own form of government) Points 6-14: Dealt with the specific areas in Europe, such as returning land to certain countries and restoring borders

16. Armistice Palace of Versailles Met Here in in order to from peace treaty The Big Four David Lloyd George(France) David Lloyd George(France) George Clemenceau (Great Britain) Woodrow Wilson (US) Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

18. Armistice Treaty of Versailles 1.Germany’s colonies and the ottoman empire were divided among the allies 2. New countries : Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Estonia, Latavia, Lithuania, and Poland

19. Armistice Treaty of Versailles: 3.Germany forced to disarm and admit guilt 4.Germany forces to pay war reparations 5.League of Nations was created

20. Article 231

21. ARTICLE 231 WHY WAS IT SO IMPORTANT? IT WAS A PART OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES AND LISTED SPECIFIC WAR REPARATIONS: FOR EXAMPLE: WHO PAYS WHO BACK? WHEN DO YOU PAY THEM BACK? HOW MUCH DO YOU OWE THEM?

22. Wilson’s United States Tour! Purpose: to persuade the people to encourage our joining to the League of Nations, BUT SENATE DIDN’T WANT TO JOIN! WILSON SUFFERED A STROKE AND WAS BEDRIDDON THE REMAINDER OF HIS PRESIDENCY!

23. Direct Causes

24. DIRECT CAUSES 1. IMPERIALISM 2. NATIONALISM 3. MILITARISM 4. ALLIANCES 5. ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FERDINAND 6. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY OFFICIALLY DECLARING WAR!

25. Direct Effects

26. DIRECT EFFECTS 1. MAP OF EUROPE RE-DRAWN 2. LEAGUE OF NATIONS FORMED 3. ECONOMY OF US BOOMING 4. WIDESPREAD DEATH AND DESTRUCTION IN EUROPE 5. BREAK UP OF AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN EMPIRE AND GERMAN EMPIRE

27. Costs of War

28. COSTS OF WAR PHYSICAL AILMENTS TRENCH FOOT TRENCH MOUTH DISEASES PSHYCHOLOGICAL AILMENTS SHELL SHOCK OR PTSD THE FLU 1 QUARTER OF THE NATION SUFFERED; CORPSES LAY EVERYWHERE! DOCTORS DIDN’T UNDERSTAND WHAT IT WAS; DOCTORS SUGGESTED CLEANLINESS AND QUARANTINE 500,000 AMERICANS SUFFERED—SPREAD BY SOLDIERS

29. Trench Foot

30. Rats in their millions infested trenches. There were two main types, the brown and the black rat. Both were despised but the brown rat was especially feared. Gorging themselves on human remains (grotesquely disfiguring them by eating their eyes and liver) they could grow to the size of a cat. Men, exasperated and afraid of these rats (which would even scamper across their faces in the dark), would attempt to rid the trenches of them by various methods: gunfire, with the bayonet, and even by clubbing them to death. It was futile however: a single rat couple could produce up to 900 offspring in a year, spreading infection and contaminating food. Rats in their millions infested trenches. There were two main types, the brown and the black rat. Both were despised but the brown rat was especially feared. Gorging themselves on human remains (grotesquely disfiguring them by eating their eyes and liver) they could grow to the size of a cat. Men, exasperated and afraid of these rats (which would even scamper across their faces in the dark), would attempt to rid the trenches of them by various methods: gunfire, with the bayonet, and even by clubbing them to death. It was futile however: a single rat couple could produce up to 900 offspring in a year, spreading infection and contaminating food.

31. COSTS OF WAR 22 MILLION DEAD 20 MILLION WOUNDED 10 MILLION DISPLACED 338 BILLION DOLLARS SPENT