1. Structure and Function in Animals and Plants
Unit 2
Lesson 2
Structure and Function in Animals and Plants
S8.B1.1.1,2,4 1

2. Organization in Multicellular Organisms:
Cells are differentiated
Specialized to perform certain jobs
Can look very different from one another
Tissue
group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function
Organ
A group of 2 or more tissues that work together to perform a particular function
Organ System
A group of related organs that work together to perform a particular function 2

3. 4. Digestive System 2. Tissue 3. Stomach (organ) 1. muscle cell
5. Organism
Organ System
Cell
Tissue
Organ 3
Organism

4. 4 Types of Animal Tissue:
1. Muscle Tissue
-Contract for Movement & Support
    B. Skeletal muscle
        - voluntary (works when you want it to)
    C. Cardiac Muscle
        - Only found in the heart
        - Involuntary (works all the time)
    D. Smooth Muscle
        - involuntary (works all the time)
2. Nerve Tissue
    -Gives signals to muscles, informs us of environmental conditions (hot, cold)
    - Found in Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves
3. Epithelial Tissue
    - Lines our organs
4. Connective Tissue
    - Connects, supports, and protects other tissues
        - ligaments, tendons, cartilage, bone, blood, fibers (organ walls) 4

5. Animal and Plant Cells
Cells contain organelles that do a certain function in a cell
Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls
Cool Animation!

6. Vertebrates vs Invertebrates:
Animal with a backbone
Backbone is part of an endoskeleton
Internal skeleton
Supports the body from the inside and gives it shape
Made of bones that grow as the animal gets bigger
Includes the chordates (fish amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) 6

7. Vertebrates vs Invertebrates:
Animal without a backbone
Includes the non-chordates
(insects, spiders, mollusks, worms, crustaceans, starfish)
Can have soft body or an Exoskeleton
Hard outer covering
Covers & protects the soft body
Does not grow as the animal gets bigger.
They are shed and re-grown bigger as the animal grows 7

8. Body Plans Symmetric Body Plan:
How the parts of an organism are arranged.
Symmetric Body Plan:
Most animals have this type
An imaginary line can divide their bodies into mirror images
All vertebrates and some invertebrates have bilateral symmetry (has a left, right, front, back side)
Some invertebrates have radial symmetry (body parts radiate out from a central point) 8

9. Radial vs Bilateral Symmetry

10. Circulatory Systems Closed Open Vertebrates have this type
Blood flows through the body in a network of small and large blood vessels
Open
Some Invertebrates (insects, crustaceans, and mollusks)
Blood empties from large blood vessels into a body cavity

11. Adaptation
A physical feature or behavior that helps an organism survive and reproduce.
Ex. Jackrabbit
Live in deserts (hot and dry)
Have very long ears (adaptation)
Excess heat from their bodies escapes from the large surface area of the rabbit’s ears
Polar Bear

12. Adaptation Ex. Cactus Plant Adapted for hot and dry environments
Have spines (reduced leaves) help prevent water loss
Have thick fleshy stems that store water
Shallow wide-spreading roots
Video “Adaptations to biomes”

13. Vascular Plants Include trees, bushes, grasses, and ferns
Can grow tall
Plants that move water and nutrients through vascular tissue
Tube-like structures that move water and nutrients through the roots, stems, and leaves

14. 2 Kinds of Vascular Tissue:
Xylem
moves water from the roots to the rest of the plant
Phloem
Moves sugars (food) that are made in the leaves to the rest of the plant
Structure
Function
Root
Anchors the plant and takes water and minerals from the soil
Leaves
Captures sunlight. Takes in oxygen for respiration
Stems
Supports the plant and connects roots to leaves

15. Nonvascular Plants Include mosses and liverworts No vascular tissue
Can not grow tall
Do not have true roots, stems, and leaves
Grow in moist areas so they are close to water
Move water and nutrients through a process called Diffusion
the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration. When the molecules are even throughout a space - it is called EQUILIBRIUM