1. The Paragraph Writing Strategy

2. Parts of a BODY Paragraph
Topic Sentence
Detail Sentences
Clincher

3. 3 Types of Topic Sentences
GENERAL CLUEING ALL THREE STATE THE SPECIFIC MAIN IDEA

4. The Job of a TOPIC SENTENCE
States the Main Idea of the paragraph
and
Gets the reader’s
attention
Cue Card #3

5. What does a Topic Sentence Do?
Have you ever watched the two minute coming attractions of a movie?
Why do they show it?
How do they hope you will feel?
What do they hope you will do?
Why don’t they just show all of the movie?
How is a Topic Sentence like the coming attractions?

6. General Topic Sentences
Describe the foreshadowing in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
The literary element of foreshadowing plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
STATES THE MAIN IDEA

7. More General Topic Sentences
Lynbrook Middle School is a Long Island public school with state of the art technology.
Sachem teams have a difficult time winning their games, but Lynbrook teams do not.

8. A CLUEING Topic Sentence States the Main Idea and Gives a clue.

9. Clue Words Many Various Differences Several Classes Similarities
A number of Categories Advantages
Number (“Three”) Groups Disadvantages
Kinds Steps Jobs
Types Stages Uses
Parts Ways Causes
Elements Roles Effects
Pieces Features Reasons
Members Examples Sources
Divisions Characteristics Products
Components Functions Variety
Different Assortment
Similar Multitude
Different

10. Clueing Topic Sentences
There are several examples of the literary element of foreshadowing which plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
STATES THE MAIN IDEA
&
GIVES A CLUE

11. More CLUEING Topic Sentences
Lynbrook Middle School is a Long Island public school with many examples of state of the art technology.
Sachem teams have a difficult time winning their games, but Lynbrook teams, for several reasons, do not.

12. A SPECIFIC Topic Sentence States the Main Idea and Gives specific Details

13. Specific Topic Sentences
The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
STATES THE MAIN IDEA
&
GIVES SPECIFIC DETAILS

14. More SPECIFIC Topic Sentences
Lynbrook Middle School is a Long Island public school with state of the art technology in computers, Starboards, and wireless Internet.
Sachem teams have a difficult time winning their games, but Lynbrook teams, because of their unstoppable, talented athletes and talented coaches, do not.
STATES THE MAIN IDEA
&
GIVES SPECIFIC DETAILS

15. Parts of a BODY Paragraph
Topic Sentence
Detail Sentences
Clincher

16. Discusses one of the details in the paragraph… Gives an answer
Detail Sentence
Discusses one of the details in the paragraph…
Gives an answer
with supporting details.

17. 2 Types of Detail Sentences
Lead-off
Follow-up
Cue Card #23

18. Lead-off Sentence (an answer) Follows a logical sequence
Introduces a new detail
(an answer)
Follows a logical sequence
Contains a transition

19. The Lead-Off
The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson. TS
In particular, at home Laurie is extremely rude to his parents and sister.

20. Detail Sentence Sequences
Size Sequence
Time Sequence
Space Sequence
Importance Sequence
Chain-Link Sequence
Details
need to be
logically
SEQUENCED
and using
TRANSITIONS

21. Transitions Chart Cue Card #30 Size Transitions Time Transitions
The largest Larger than The smallest The small-sized The tallest
The next largest Equal to The next smallest The medium-sized The shortest
The smallest Smaller than The largest The large-sized
Time Transitions
First, Now At the beginning of Before By this time Thereafter,
Then, Soon In the middle of In the meantime At the same time, Presently
Next, Then At the end of During At that instant, After a short time
At last, Later Meanwhile After Soon thereafter, Immediately,
Afterwards Simultaneously,
First, In the morning, Yesterday, The first
Second, Before noon, Today, A more recent
Third, In the afternoon, Tomorrow, The most recent
Finally, In the evening, The day after tomorrow,
In the past, The next day, This year, The earliest
In the present, Two weeks later, Next year, The next earliest
In the future, Six months later, In the next few years, The most recent
Cue Card #30

22. Transitions Chart (cont.)
Space Transitions
Behind On the edge of Beside In front West of High
Over Toward Around Facing East of Against
Under Throughout Near back of North of Alongside
Below To the right of Side by side In the center South of Ahead of
Beneath To the left of Close to Inside At the Here
Low down On top of Next to Outside In There
On the bottom At the top Down At the end of On Beyond
On the corner By Up Between Above Farther on
Importance Transitions
The best The most important The first The best
The next best Equally important More important than The next best
The least best The next most important Most important The worst
The least important
Cue Card #30

23. Transitions Chart (cont.)
Chain-Link Transitions
On the one hand, One example of In the first place, In other words The first
On the other hand, For instance, In the second place, In fact, The second
Another example, In the third place, Also, The third
Again, A further example,
Besides, For example,
Moreover, For another example, One Because First,
Another Since Second,
Still another A further As third,
In addition, Further, Still, Specifically,
In the same way, Furthermore, While More specifically,
In fact, Instead In particular,
The opposite of _ is_ Additionally,
On the contrary side Lastly, The last Indeed, As a result,
To the contrary, Similar to _ is_ Last Although Consequently,
In contrast, Another similar _ is_ Even though Naturally,
In spite of Likewise, Nevertheless, Even if After all,
Despite the Similarly, Nonetheless,
A dissimilar _ is_
Concluding Transitions
To conclude, In summary, To sum up, As you can see,
In conclusion, In sum, To summarize, As a result,
In brief, Thus, Finally,
In short, Therefore,
Cue Card #30

24. The Lead-Off
The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson.
In particular, at home Laurie is extremely rude to his parents and sister.

25. Provides more information
Follow-Up
Provides more information
about the detail.

26. The literary element of foreshadowing, illustrated through Laurie’s behavior at home, his transparent lies, and his obvious enjoyment in telling stories about Charles, plays an important role in “Charles” by Shirley Jackson. In particular, Laurie is extremely rude to his parents and sister.
After arriving home from his very first day of school, he slams the door and shouts. He continues being rude by calling his father “you old dust mop,” and purposely spilling his sister’s milk. F

27. The Paragraph Express
Topic Sentence L F F L F L F
Cue Card #26

28. Which Point of View?
Pick it
and
stick to
it. 1 2 3

29. Pronouns Referring to…
First person – The writer __________________
Second person – The reader ________________________
Third person- The others ________________________
I, We
You, (You)
He, She, They, Things

30. Tenses
Pick it
and
Stick To it
Pick it
and
stick to
it.
Cue Card #38

31. Tense Chart Tense Verb Past painted was painting had painted
Present is painting
paints
Future will paint
shall paint
Cue Card #38

32. Detail Sentence’s 5 Requirements
Must contain related Information
Must be in a logical sequence
Must include a transition when it introduces a new detail
Must be written from the same (and appropriate) point of view
5. Must be written in the same (and appropriate ) verb tense

33. University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2006
BODY
PLAN IT.
358
University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2006

34. Multi-Paragraphs

35. Parts of a BODY Paragraph
Topic Sentence
Detail Sentences
Clincher

36. Types of Clincher Sentences
General Clincher Sentence
Clueing Clincher Sentence
Specific Clincher Sentence
Cue Card #47
University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2002

37. Concluding Transitions
Words that tell the reader
that the paragraph is finished.
Thus,
Therefore
Finally,
As a result,
University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2002

38. General Clincher Sentence
Summarizes the main idea
of the paragraph.
Makes the reader think more
about the topic
Cue Card #48
University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning 2002

39. GENERAL CLINCHER SENTENCE
Makes your reader dive into deeper thinking on the topic.
Therefore, isn’t it obvious to Laurie’s parents that something is just not right, and do they refuse to see the obvious?

40. Ties everything up neatly with a clueing word
CLUEING CLINCHER
Ties everything up neatly with a clueing word
In other words, there is a variety of hints in the story which leads the reader to believe that Laurie is really “Charles.”

41. SPECIFIC CLINCHER SENTENCE
Like a Quarterback, repeat the count on which the ball will be snapped.
Thus, Laurie’s raucous behavior at home, transparent lies, and glee in telling stories about Charles foreshadows that Laurie is “Charles. “

42. Whole Paragraphs
SEQUENTIAL- describing details in a story (a Narrative) or step-by-step manner
DESCRIPTIVE
EXPOSITORY- Giving facts, reasons, or examples
COMPARE and CONTRAST

43. Steps for Writing a Paragraph
Set up a diagram
Create the title
Reveal the topic
Iron out the details
Bind it together with a clincher
Edit your work