1. Physical Geography Looking at the Earth Geography involves the study of places: their locations, their characteristics, and how humans use and move around them. Satellite image of Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia. NEXT

2. SECTION 1 The Five Themes of Geography SECTION 2 The Geographer’s Tools Physical Geography Looking at the Earth NEXT

3. Section 1 The Five Themes of Geography Geographers view the world in terms of the use of space. Geographers study the world by looking at location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction. NEXT

4. The Geographer’s Perspective Geographers and Historians Historians look at events over time Geographers look at: -use of space on Earth -interactions that take place there -patterns and connections between people and land Geography is the study of the distribution and interaction of Earth’s physical and human features SECTION 1 Continued... The Five Themes of Geography NEXT

5. SECTION 1 Methods of Geography Geographers use a variety of tools: -maps -photographs -charts, graphs, tables -scale models -five themes of geography continued The Geographer’s Perspective Image NEXT

6. Theme: Location Where is it? Absolute location—exact place where a geographic feature is found - Example: Atlanta is located at 32*N, 48*W Relative location—location of a place compared to places around it - Example: Atlanta is 540 miles north of Panama City Beach SECTION 1 Continued... NEXT

7. Section 2 The Geographer’s Tools Geographers use two- and three-dimensional tools to learn about the earth. Geographers use computer-assisted technology to study the use of the earth’s surface. NEXT

8. SECTION 1 Latitude Lines Geographers use latitude lines to locate places north and south Latitude — imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator Tropic of Cancer – 23.5* N, represents the furthest point the northern hemisphere tilts towards the sun Tropic of Capricorn – 23.5* S, southern version continued Theme: Location Continued... Longitude Lines Geographers use longitude lines to mark positions east and west Longitude — imaginary lines that go over the poles Where latitude and longitude lines cross is the absolute location Map NEXT

9. SECTION 1 Absolute Location Earth is divided into two equal halves, vertically and horizontally Each vertical and horizontal half is called a hemisphere An imaginary line, the Equator, divides north and south halves Another imaginary line, the Prime Meridian, divides east and west continued Theme: Location Continued... Map NEXT

10. Time Zones There are 24 time zones in the world. You enter into a new time zone every 15* Longitude. As you move West, you “lose” an hour every new time zone. This is true until you reach the international dateline, at which point you actually gain 24 hours The idea behind this is to make it Noon when the sun is at its peak no matter where you are in the world.

11. SECTION 1 Important Lines of the World NEXT

12. SECTION 2 Two or Three Dimensions Globe—a three-dimensional representation (a sphere) of Earth Map projection—way of showing Earth’s 3-D surface on a 2-D surface continued Maps and Globes Continued... Interactive NEXT

13. Theme: Place What is it Like? Place includes physical features and cultural characteristics: -physical features include climate, landforms, vegetation -cultural characteristics include dams, highways, houses SECTION 1 Image NEXT

14. Theme: Region How are Places Similar or Different? A region is an area united by similar characteristics Unifying characteristics—physical, political, economic, cultural Three types of regions: -formal -functional -perceptual SECTION 1 Continued... NEXT

15. SECTION 1 Formal Regions have a limited number of related characteristics (has official boundaries) Formal regions of the world: -Continents - States - Countries - Cities continued Theme: Region Continued... NEXT

16. SECTION 1 Functional Regions Organized around interactions and connections between places Example: a city and its suburbs (metropolitan area) are connected through human movement continued Theme: Region Perceptual Regions Region with characteristics people perceive in much the same way Example: “the South” NEXT

17. Theme: Human-Environment Interaction How Do People Relate to the Physical World? A relationship exists between people and their environment People use and change the environment to meet their needs People adapt to environmental conditions they cannot change Often, people in similar environments adapt in different ways Examples include building roads, bridges, or dams SECTION 1 Image NEXT

18. Theme: Movement How Do People, Goods, and Ideas Get from One Place to Another? Geographers use three types of distance to analyze movement: -linear distance -time distance -psychological distance SECTION 1 Linear Distance and Time Distance Linear distance—how far a person, product, or idea travels Time distance—how long it takes for person, product, idea to travel Continued... Image NEXT

19. SECTION 1 Psychological Distance Refers to the way people perceive distance Example: unfamiliar places may seem farther away than familiar ones continued Theme: Movement NEXT