1. The Spanish American War Chapter 20 Section 2

2. CUBA (1) Ruled by Spain (1) Ruled by Spain (2) Cubans discontented (2) Cubans discontented (3) Cubans rebel (3) Cubans rebel (4) Spain starts “reconcentration” (4) Spain starts “reconcentration” (5) Cubans relocated; many die (5) Cubans relocated; many die (6) Exiles in the U.S. want America to help (6) Exiles in the U.S. want America to help –Ex: Jose Marti Think about it: Which side was justified in its Actions: Cuba’s rebellion or Spain’s reconcentration?

3. America’s Reaction People: People: –Help rebels –Protect investments Presidents Presidents –Cleveland - Won’t intervene –McKinley - Stay neutral Press Press –Yellow journalism –Fuel outrage against Spain

4. Battleship Maine (1) Fighting in Havana, Cuba (1) Fighting in Havana, Cuba (2) Send Maine to protect American lives and property (2) Send Maine to protect American lives and property (3) Explosion sinks Maine (3) Explosion sinks Maine (4) U.S. Press blamed Spain (4) U.S. Press blamed Spain (5) U.S. wants revenge/war (5) U.S. wants revenge/war Remember the Maine! Think about it: Why would newspapers seem to want a war?

5. President McKinley Wants peaceful settlement Wants peaceful settlement –War would disrupt economy Public pressure continues Public pressure continues –Congress declares war on Spain Think about it: How can wars both hurt and help and economy?

6. War in Philippines 1 st great battle – not in Cuba 1 st great battle – not in Cuba Philippines – ruled by and rebelling against Spain Philippines – ruled by and rebelling against Spain Dewey sinks entire Spanish fleet at Manila Bay, Philippines Dewey sinks entire Spanish fleet at Manila Bay, Philippines Enlist Filipinos to help (Ex: Aguinaldo) Enlist Filipinos to help (Ex: Aguinaldo) U.S. gains control of islands U.S. gains control of islands Think about it: What connection would the Philippines Islands have to Spain and the situation in Cuba?

7. War in Caribbean U.S. ground forces in Cuba U.S. ground forces in Cuba –“Rough Riders” –Blacks and Whites Destroyed Spanish fleet at Santiago Destroyed Spanish fleet at Santiago Spanish surrender Spanish surrender U.S. invades P.R. and control it U.S. invades P.R. and control it Think about it: What status does Puerto Rico Currently have? What are pros and cons to this?

8. Peace Treaty Terms: Terms: Spain accepts Cuba independence Spain accepts Cuba independence U.S. gets P.R., Guam, Wake, Philippines U.S. gets P.R., Guam, Wake, Philippines U.S. pays $20 million U.S. pays $20 million Result: U.S. has an EMPIRE Result: U.S. has an EMPIRE Think about it: Do you think this peace treaty is fair? Which side (if any) does it favor in your opinion?

9. Treaty Debate Against: (non-expansionists) Against: (non-expansionists) –Violated Declaration of Independence –Right to self-government –Risk future wars For: (expansionists) For: (expansionists) –Military bases –Business opportunities –Spread democracy Think about it: With which side to you agree most and why? With which side Would George Washington agree? What about Frederick Turner?

10. Cuba Does not gain true independence Does not gain true independence U.S. forces Platt Amendment U.S. forces Platt Amendment –Limit power to make treaties/borrow money –Gives U.S. right to intervene in Cuba –Gives U.S. Naval base at Guantanamo –Made Cuba protectorate of U.S. Think about it: How is Cuba’s new situation similar to or different from its Situation under Spanish rule?

11. Puerto Rico Limited Self-Government Limited Self-Government Foraker Act Foraker Act U.S. developed education and economy U.S. developed education and economy 1917 – P.R. people made U.S. citizens 1917 – P.R. people made U.S. citizens

12. Philippines Betrayed with U.S. control Betrayed with U.S. control Renewed fight for independence Renewed fight for independence 3 year war – Aguinaldo captured 3 year war – Aguinaldo captured 1946 – granted independence 1946 – granted independence Think about it: What is Hypocritical about the actions Of the U.S. toward the Philippines?

13. Going back… Why was the United States interested in the situation between Cuba and Spain? What event finally brought the U.S. to war with Spain? Why was the United States interested in the situation between Cuba and Spain? What event finally brought the U.S. to war with Spain? What role did the Islands of the Philippines play in the Spanish American War? What role did the Islands of the Philippines play in the Spanish American War? What did the peace treaty signify in terms of America’s role in the world? What did the peace treaty signify in terms of America’s role in the world?