3.  Consciousness:  Our awareness of ourselves and our environment  Exists within a spectrum of levels (as opposed to simply “conscious” vs. “unconscious”)  Freudian view: Childhood experiences  Modern view: Parallel processing

4.  Spontaneous- Dreaming, Day Dreaming, Drowsiness.  Physiological- Hallucinations, Starvation, Oxygen Deprivation  Psychological- Meditation, Sensory Depravation, Hypnosis

5.  Sleep is a state of consciousness.  We are less aware of our surroundings.  Circadian Rhythm *13 https://www.learner.org/resources/series142.html?pop=yes& pid=1575# *13 https://www.learner.org/resources/series142.html?pop=yes& pid=1575#  Regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour schedule

6.  Tally up the numbers of your responses:  70-86: Definitely morning type  59-69: Moderately morning type  42-58: Neither type  31-41: Moderately evening type  16-30: Definitely evening type

7. Use an EEG machine to measure stages of sleep. When you are the onset of sleep you experience alpha waves. Produces mild hallucinations, like a feeling of falling. Approximately every 90 minutes, we pass through a cycle of five distinct sleep stages (includes NREM and REM Sleep)

8. Biological Rhythms and Sleep Sleep Stages

9. Biological Rhythms and Sleep Typical Nights Sleep

10.  Kind of awake and kind of asleep.  Only lasts a few minutes, and you usually only experience it once a night.  Pulse slows, muscles relax, breathing and brain waves become irregular.  Your brain produces Alpha and Theta Waves.

11. Biological Rhythms and Sleep Sleep Stages

12. Biological Rhythms and Sleep Typical Nights Sleep

13.  More Theta Waves that get progressively slower.  Begin to show sleep spindles…short bursts of rapid brain waves.  May hallucinate Click image to see Stage Two of sleep.

14. Biological Rhythms and Sleep Sleep Stages

15. Biological Rhythms and Sleep Typical Nights Sleep

16.  Slow wave sleep.  You produce Delta waves.  If awoken you will be very groggy.  Vital for restoring body’s growth hormones and good overall health. Click boys to see deep sleep. From stage 4, your brain begins to speed up and you go to stage 3, then 2….then ……

17. Biological Rhythms and Sleep Sleep Stages

19. Biological Rhythms and Sleep Typical Nights Sleep

20.  Rapid Eye Movement  Often called paradoxical sleep.  Brain is very active.  Dreams usually occur in REM.  Body is essentially paralyzed.  REM Rebound

22.  Persistent problems falling asleep  Effects 10% of the population  Primary versus Secondary Insomnia

23.  Suffer from sleeplessness and may fall asleep at unpredictable or inappropriate times.  Directly into REM sleep  Less than.001 % of population.

24. A person stops breathing during their sleep. Wake up momentarily, gasps for air, then falls back asleep. Very common, especially in heavy males. Can be fatal.

25.  Wake up screaming and have no idea why.  Not a nightmare.  Most common in children (boys) between ages 2-8.

26. Sleep Walking Most often occurs during the first few hours of sleeping and in stage 4 (deep sleep). If you have had night terrors, you are more likely to sleep walk when older.

28.  Dreams are a roadway into our unconscious.  Manifest Content (storyline)  Latent Content (underlying meaning)

29.  Our Cerebral Cortex is trying to interpret random electrical activity we have while sleeping.  That is why dreams sometimes make no sense.  Biological Theory.

30.  Dreams are a way to deal with the stresses of everyday life.  We tend to dream more when we are more stressed.

32.  Altered state of consciousness?  Posthypnotic suggestion  Posthypnotic amnesia

33. ROLE THEORYSTATE THEORY Hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness. Different people have various state of hypnotic suggestibility. A social phenomenon where people want to believe. Work better on people with richer fantasy lives.  Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness.  Dramatic health benefits  It works for pain best.

34. Theory by Ernest Hilgard. We voluntarily divide our consciousness up. Ice Water Experiment. We have a hidden observer, a level of us that is always aware.

37.  Our brain is protected by a layer of capillaries called the blood-brain barrier.  The drugs that are small enough to pass through are called psychoactive drugs.

38. Agonists Antagonists Reuptake inhibitors If a drug is used often, a tolerance is created for the drug. Thus you need more of the drug to feel the same effect. If you stop using a drug you can develop withdrawal symptoms.

39.  Speed up body processes.  More powerful ones (like cocaine) give people feelings of invincibility.

40.  Slows down body processes.  Alcohol  Anxiolytics (barbiturates and tranquilizers)

41. More than 86 billion dollars are spent annually on alcoholic beverages. Alcohol is involved in 60% of ALL crimes. Alcohol is involved in over 70% of sexually related crimes. Is it worth the cost?

42. Psychedelics Causes changes in perceptions of reality LSD, peyote, psilocybin mushrooms and marijuana. Reverse tolerance or synergistic effect

43. Has depressive and hallucinogenic qualities. Agonist for endorphins. Derived from poppy plant. Morphine, heroin, methadone and codeine. All these drugs cross the placental barrier….teratogens.