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Published byClaud Clark Modified over 9 years ago
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PartChargeLocation ProtonPositive (+)In the nucleus NeutronNeutral ( )In the nucleus ElectronsNegative (-)Orbiting around the nucleus
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He created the periodic table of elements in 1869. At this time there were 63 elements. He noticed that a pattern of properties appeared when he arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass. The table we read today is arranged according to increasing atomic number.
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Each square on the periodic table includes: Atomic number Chemical Symbol Chemical Name Atomic mass
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Mass number - sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Atomic mass - the average mass of all isotopes of an element. Atomic number - the number of protons in the nucleus. Isotopes - atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons. Example: Carbon 12, 13, and 14.
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Periods Horizontal Rows (Numbered 1 – 7) Groups Vertical Columns (Numbered 1 – 18)
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Luster - shininess Malleable-hammered, pressed, or bent into shape Ductile-pulled or drawn out into wire Conductive-ability to transfer heat or electricity Color-produced when heated Magnetic-attracted to a magnet or become magnetic
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Reactivity-ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts with other elements and compounds Corrosion-the destruction of a metal as it is exposed to other elements or compounds
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Group 1 (Alkali Metals) – most reactive group of metals, shiny and soft Group 2 (Alkaline Earth Metals) – reactive, fairly hard and good conductors of electricity Groups 3 – 12 (Transition Metals) – hard, shiny, good conductors of electricity Group 17 – (Halogens) – highly reactive nonmetals, salt-forming Group 18 – (Noble Gases) – nonreactive, very stable
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Dull Brittle (break apart easily) Poor conductors of heat and electricity Most are gases Gain electrons easily
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These elements share some characteristics of the metals and those of the nonmetals. The most useful property of the metalloids is their varying ability to conduct electricity. Semiconductors - substances that can conduct electricity under some conditions but not under other conditions
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