1. JSR,Ppt2 Welcome to… Qualitative Techniques in Research Data Gathering

2. JSR,Ppt2 Competency Statement: Purpose: Introduces the various techniques in qualitative data gathering. The general aim of the session is to train the participants how to differentiate the three techniques in qualitative data gathering and how to conduct them.

3. JSR,Ppt2 Open-Ended Response Most elementary form of quali data with severe limitations (writing skills of the one writing or completing the questionnaire).

4. JSR,Ppt2 Participant Observation Classic data collection technique Little is known about the phenomenon When the phenomenon is hidden from public view When there are important differences between the views of insiders as opposed to outsiders

5. JSR,Ppt2 Participant Observation Fieldwork and Casual Observation Recording of what is seen and heard for memory cannot be trusted Extensive note-taking in order PO is not the whole answer but a part of the answer

6. JSR,Ppt2 Participant Observation Types of Participant Observation a) Complete participant b) Participant as observer c) Observer as participant d) Complete observer

7. JSR,Ppt2 Participant Observation Role of the Evaluator/Observer Full participant observation Partial observation Onlooker observation as an outsider

8. JSR,Ppt2 Participant Observation Portrayal of the Evaluator/Observer to Others Overt Observer role known by some, not by others Covert

9. JSR,Ppt2 Life Stories Allowing people to tell their stories – gives considerable insight what they consider as important.

10. JSR,Ppt2 In-depth Interviews (IDIs) Extensive probing and open- ended questions conducted on a one-on-one basis

11. JSR,Ppt2 In-depth Interviews (IDIs) When to use… One has complex subject matter and knowledgeable informants Highly sensitive subject matter Geographically dispersed informants Peer pressure Equivalent to life story approach that is widely used by Anthropologists.

12. JSR,Ppt2 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)  Group discussions led by a moderator  Carefully Planned- designed to obtain perceptions on a defined area  7- 10 participants

13. JSR,Ppt2 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs)  Generate ideas that highlight attitudes, beliefs, knowledge and needs on a specific topic  Encourage participants to engage in deep dialogue in order to develop their own understanding and analysis of common experience  Explore common understanding and encourage communication and debate among largely homogenous group