1. Ethonographic Research Kunicko Coleman, Nazia Rizvi, Anna Rodriguez, and Sara Sands

2. When is it used?  Ethno= cultural; graph=writing  Qualitative, Extended period of time, Immersive  Origins in cultural anthropology and sociology  Studies human interactions in natural social settings and activities  Main Focus: Cultural context

3. How it is used and what questions will it answer?  Types: interviews, observations (overt, covert)  Ethical Implications  Resulting Product= Narrative Description  Questions based on how, what, where, when, and who

4. What type of data collection is used? Research Type Data Collection Participant and non-participant observation Watching or being part of a social context Semi-structured interviews Open and closed questions that cover identified topics Unstructured interviews Open questions that enable a free development of conversation Collected material Anything from artifacts to letters, books or reports

5. Data Analysis  The analysis of the data involves interpretation of the meanings and functions of human actions  Mainly takes the form of verbal descriptions and explanations, with quantification and statistical analysis playing a subordinate role at most  The researcher is the detective looking for trends and patterns that occur across the various groups or within individuals  The process of analysis and interpretation involve disciplined examination, creative insight, and careful attention to the purposes of the research study  Analysis and interpretation are conceptually separate processes.  Begins with assembling the raw materials and getting an overview or total picture of the entire process.  The researcher's role in is to covers a continuum with assembly of raw data on one extreme and interpretative comments on the other  The process of bringing order to the data, organizing what is there into patterns, categories, and basic descriptive units  Involves consideration of words, tone, context, non-verbals, internal consistency, frequency, extensiveness, intensity, specific responses, and big ideas  Data reduction strategies are essential

6. Data Analyzed  Interpretation involves attaching meaning and significance to the analysis, explaining descriptive patterns, and looking for relationships and linkages among descriptive dimensions  Once these processes have been completed the researcher must report his or her interpretations and conclusions

7. Reliability and Validity descriptivedescriptive interpretiveinterpretive theoreticaltheoretical evaluativeevaluative  also generalizabilitygeneralizability trustworthinesstrustworthiness

8. Examples  Preparing Preservice Teachers in a Diverse World  Hispanic Student Culture in Urban Community College

9. Pros and Cons  Pros  Natural setting  Holistic description  Accurate reflection of participants’ perspectives and behavior  Cons  Not accepted by the participants  Time consuming  Impact on cultural group