1. How to pursue scholarship through your Daily Academic Work?
Darshana Shah, PhD.
Professor of Pathology
Associate Dean, Office of Faculty Affairs & Professional Development

2. Overview Know the definitions of scholarship
Understand the types of scholarship
Get an idea on how to formulate and answer research questions
See the opportunities for scholarship within your everyday activities (clinical, teaching)
Come away with one idea for scholarship that you will pursue !!!!!

3. Power of reframing What do you see?
An old woman with a large nose looking down with her chin nuzzled in a fur coat?
Or do you see an attractive young woman looking away?
This image clearly demonstrates how two different,
almost opposite, meanings can come from the exact same picture.
Now shifting from drawings to daily activity in academia:
with a simple reframe, it is possible to pursue scholarship from your routine work.
This classic perceptual illusion serves my purpose today extremely well.

4. Reframing our thinking about our daily activity in academia
Examining critically the various aspects of our work
Developing and testing new theories
Questioning what we do
Finding answers through empirical investigation
Improving the way we teach, deliver services, implement interventions, and find links between health outcomes and lifestyle

5. Expanded Definition of Scholarship
Scholarship of Discovery: where new and unique knowledge is generated
Scholarship of Application: building bridges between theory and practice
Scholarship of Integration: where new relationships among disciplines are discovered
Scholarship of Teaching: where the teacher creatively builds bridges between his or her own understanding and the students' learning
Boyer, 1990“Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate “

6. Scholarship redefined…
Research is only one form of scholarship
Educational scholarship can be:
Documented as tangible products
Peer reviewed for quality
Disseminated publicly
Non-manuscript products of educational scholarship should be valued in institutional reward systems
Boyer, 1990“Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate “

7. Scholarship of Education: Definition
Builds upon the process of scholarly teaching
Requires:
“Product” (manuscript-equivalent)
Peer review for quality
Public dissemination to learn from or build upon
Hutchings and Shulman, 1999

8. What makes our contributions scholarly? Glassick Criteria
1. Clear goals 2. Adequate preparation 3. Appropriate methods 4. Meaningful results 5. Effective presentation (within a community; enables “peer review”) 6. Reflective critique
Glassick CE. Acad Med.
2000 Sep;75(9):

9. Scholarship Excellence: The Glassick Criteria
Glassick CE. Acad Med.
2000 Sep;75(9):

10. Educational Scholarly Product Examples
Instructional materials
Web-based and other teaching modules (students/patients)
Syllabi, CDs, DVDs
Educational leadership
Program development
Course development/innovative revision
Evaluation tools
Development
Assessment

11. Finding your Research Question?
The source of the question can be your own everyday experience—
clinical work, teaching, observation of students/residents during clinical rotation, etc.
Examples
Educational Scholarship– Asking questions about your teaching/learning/course/Clerkship/program
Clinical Scholarship– Asking questions about the medical care your institution provides—questions related to improving the quality of programs, services, etc.

12. In Summary Why should we engage in scholarship?
To improve the way we teach
To improve what and how our students learn
To improve our clinical care
To improve the outcomes that patients experience
To make a difference in the health problems in our environment
To help us succeed in an academic health center

13. Scholarship is …. Effective Dissemination of your work
Publish in a Medical Education Journal
Publish in a Specialty Journal
Publish in a Higher Education Journal
Workshops at Professional Meetings
MedEdPORTAL (

14. Journals that publish medical education work
Medical Education and Health Professions Education Journals
Academic Medicine (2.338)
Advances in Health Sciences Education: Theory and Practice (1.412)
Advances in Physiology Education (1.542)
BMC Medical Education (1.04*)
Canadian Medical Education Journal
Clinical Teacher (0.443*)
Education for Health: Change in Learning & Practice
Evaluation & the Health Professions (1.140)
Focus on Health Professional Education (0.882*)
Journal of Advances in Medical Education and Practice
Journal of Cancer Education
Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions (1.000)
Journal of Graduate Medical Education
Journal of Health Professions Education
Journal of Surgical Education
Journal of the International Association of Medical Science Educators
Medical Education (2.696)
Medical Education Development
Medical Education Online
Medical Teacher (1.333)
Perspectives on Medical Education
Postgraduate Medical Journal (1.384)
Simulation in Healthcare (1.667)
Teaching and Learning in Medicine (0.741)

15. References
Boyer, E. Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of theProfessoriate. Princeton, NJ: The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, 1990.
Glassick, C. et al., Scholarship Assessed: Evaluation of the Professoriate. Acad Med Sep;75(9):
Huber MT, Cox M. Work that Matters Should be Work that Counts CARNEGIE FOUNDATION PERSPECTIVES -- February 2004
The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching Hutchings P. A different way to think about …Improved teaching: Building a better conversation about learning. CARNEGIE FOUNDATION PERSPECTIVES -- January 2004 The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teachinghttp://
Fincher RM, Simpson DE, et al Acad Med Sep;75(9):
Advancing Educators and Education: Defining the Components and Evidence of Educational Scholarship