1. Foot and Ankle Injuries

2. Plantar Fasciitis
Inflammation of the plantar fascia ( band that connects calcaneus to metatarsal- phalangeal joint)
MOI
1. high arches
2. excessive pronation
3. obesity/weight gain
4. overuse – stand,walk,run

3. Plantar Fasciitis MOI causes the fascia to stretch! Signs/Symptoms:
1. pain upon taking first step in the morning.
2. pain and inflammation on medial attachment of calcaneus
3. can lead to a heel spur
Treatment
1. rest and ice to decrease inflammation
2. stretch calf muscles
3. arch supports – orthotics
4. oral anti-inflammatory medication

4. Heel Spur Develops when plantar fasciitis goes untreated
Common problem in distance runners -15+miles per week
Calcium growth at site of attachment
Treatment – rest and ice
** stretch intrinsic muscles of foot and calf muscles

5. Sever’s Disease

6. Sever’s Disease
MOI
- achilles tendon continually pulls at insertion site thus pulling on the growth plate of the calcaneus.
Occurs in year olds
Associated with running and repetitive jumping
Poor or flimsy footwear
Treatment
1. rest
2. stable footwear

7. Jones Fracture Base of the 5th metatarsal fracture
Attachment of peroneal tendon

8. Jones Fracture – 5th metatarsal
Fracture of the 5th metatarsal ½”-3/4” from the base
Often mistaken as a sprain or avulsion fracture
Danger – non-union fracture due to poor blood supply
MOI:
1. inversion injury to ankle of foot
2. overuse – repetitive stress – Sprinters!
Signs/Symptoms: severe pain when walking, swelling and bruising
Treatment – 6-8 weeks casted non-weight bearing

9. Treatment for Jones Fracture
Severe fracture – surgical screw
Depends on severity of fracture

10. Great Toe Sprain Known as turf toe
Sprain to the metatarso- phalangeal joint(MTP) of the 1st toe
MOI: hyperflexion
Great toe is involved in the final push off the ground and receives the pressure of 8 times the body weight

11. 3 degrees of turf toe
1st – no time loss, ice, tape, strengthen toe box of footwear
2nd – time lost, crutches, ice, tape, strengthen toe box of footwear
3rd – season ending injury, possible surgery
Treatment – contrast bath

12. Anatomical image of Achilles tendon

13. Posterior/Inferior aspect of lower leg
Gastrocnemius and soleus unite into a tough band of fibrous tissue and attaches to the calcaneus
Largest and strongest tendon of the body that allows you to stand on toes when walking, running and jumping
Bursae sac cushions the tendon

14. Achilles tendonitis Inflammation of the tendon MOI:
1. overuse from running/walking, running hills
2. tight calf muscles
3. heels to sneakers
Signs/Symptoms: pain and inflammation
Treatment: rest, ice, stretch

15. Achilles tendon tear Micro-tears or large tear
MOI: sudden movement or gradual wearing from overuse
Signs/Symptoms:
1. pain and inflammation over site of tear
2. impaired movement
Treatment:
1. rest and ice
2. NSAID
3. heel lift
4. gentle stretching
* NO CORTISONE SHOTS – weakens the tendon

16. Achilles Tendon Rupture

17. Achilles Tendon Rupture
Complete tear of the tendon
Signs/Symptoms:
1. hear a “pop” sound
2. feels like you have been shot in the leg
Causes: sudden bursts from jumping, pivoting, and sprinting
Common in the” Weekend Warrior”
Thompson’s Test – squeeze the calf and the foot does not move.
Treatment: SURGERY
-long term immobolize and rehabilitation

18. Ruptured Achilles tendon

19. Causes of Fractures
ACCIDENTS – car, motorcycle, falls, struck by an object
Aging – decrease in balance, coordination, eyesight and hearing can result in falls
Bone Fatigue – prolonged repetitive forces (professional football players, marathon runners, Olympic gymnasts)

20. Avulsion fracture of fibula

21. Fractures of fibula and/or tibia

22. Tibia Fractures
Neck of tibia
Limb lengthening