1. World War II: At Home & Abroad

2. Rise of Aggression in Europe and Asia 1930s = Authoritarian governments in Italy, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania, Greece 1922 – 1943 = Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy Nationalist Socialist Party (Nazis) gained power in Germany in late 1920s 1933 = Hitler became Chancellor of Germany Nazis targeted Jews, homosexuals, communists, & disabled as “inferior races”

3. Appeasement Practiced by Great Britain & France 1938 = Hitler demanded Germany’s right to Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia Britain’s Chamberlain gave in to Hitler

4. Japan Interested in expansion 1937 = Declared war against China

5. Neutrality Acts, 1935 - 1937 Outlawed the sale of weapons & loans to nations at war Forbade Americans from traveling on ships of warring countries

6. August 1939 = Hitler & Stalin formed German-Soviet pact Soviet Union & Germany promised not to fight & to divide Poland after it was invaded by Germany Britain & France promised to defend Poland September 1, 1939 = Hitler invaded Poland September 3, 1939 = Britain & France declared war on Germany

7. Cash & Carry Plan, 1939 Neutrality Acts amended for U.S. to sell weapons to countries at war Required they pay cash & carry weapons on their own ships Allowed the U.S. to profit from the war

8. Pearl Harbor Japan wanted empire to include China, southeast Asia, western Pacific September 1940 = Japan, Germany, Italy signed “Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis” military alliance Japan warned attack in December 1941

10. Sunday, December 7, 1941 = Japanese planes attacked navy base on Oahu, Hawaii 2,400 Americans killed, 1,200 wounded December 8, 1941 = U.S. declared war against Japan 3 days later = Germany & Italy declared war against U.S.

11. The Battlefront in Europe Approach of Allies = Attack Germany first, Japan second

12. War in the Pacific Philippines, Australia, China, Indonesia, Thailand, plus smaller South Pacific Islands General Douglas MacArthur’s “Island Hopping”

14. Jewish Migration? By 1939 = 300,000 Jews fled Germany, 200,000 fled Austria June 1939 = 900 Jewish refugees arrived on St. Louis ship in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida & sent back to Germany 700 of the 900 died in concentration camps

16. Victory in Europe April 12, 1945 = FDR died April 30, 1945 = Hitler committed suicide May 2, 1945 = Berlin captured by the Soviet Union May 8, 1945 = Germany surrendered, “V-E Day”

17. WWII at Home

18. Mobilizing for War Pearl Harbor, December 1941 = 1.6 million in Army War Power Act granted FDR authority over war mobilization 15 million men, 350,000 women served in military Economy, government, military coordinated

19. War Production Board = distributed defense contracts War Manpower Commission = supervised mobilization of soldiers Office of Price Administration rationed food End of 1942 = 1/3 of economy devoted to war production 300,000 aircraft, 2.6 million machine guns, 6 million tons of bombs, 86,000 warships

20. Defense Spending Ends Great Depression U.S. spent $320 billion total to defeat the Axis 17 million new jobs created Brought prosperity to many American workers

21. Rationing

22. O.P.A. rationed gas, coffee, sugar, butter, cheese, meat “Uncle Sam’s Scrappers” & “Tin Can Colonels” collected scrap metal and trash

23. War Bonds

24. Propaganda & Politics Office of Censorship suppressed war footage & casualty numbers Office of War Information hired 4,000 advertisers, writers, artists to create unity through propaganda

27. Rosie the Riveter Federal government urged women to work in 1942 Over 6 million women worked in war production 1945 = 1/3 of workforce were women 75% married, 60% over 35, 33% had kids under 14

30. Hostility Towards Rosie Women earned 35% less pay than men Government portrayed their work as temporary “A woman is a substitute like plastic instead of metal” 1945 poll = Only 18% approved of married women working

31. Japanese Internment Issei: First generation Japanese Immigrants (37,000 interned) Nisei: U.S.-born Japanese Americans (75,000 interned) FDR’s Executive Order 9006 = February 1942, all Japanese on West Coast forcibly removed from homes

33. Star Trek’s George Takei Reflecting on Life in an Internment Camp

36. $2 billion lost in property & belongings Supreme Court upheld constitutionality of internment policy, Korematsu v. U.S. (1942) 1982 = U.S. government admitted internment “not based on military necessity” & $20,000 given to 62,000 survivors in 1988

37. The Atomic Bombs 1939 = Einstein warned U.S. about German development of A-bomb Manhattan Project began in 1941 between U.S. and Britain 2 bombs completed in Los Alamos, NM July 16 1945 = test bomb exploded in Alamogordo, NM

38. U.S. threatened to drop bomb if Japan did not surrender by August 3, 1945 August 6, 1945 = Enola Gay dropped “Little Boy” over Hiroshima

39. August 8, 1945 = Bock’s Car dropped “Fat Man” over Nagasaki September 6, 1945 = Japan surrendered

40. Hiroshima = 60,000 died immediately, 75,000 later from radiation and burns Nagasaki = 30,000 died immediately