1. UNIT 4 ANIMALS STRUCTURE & FUNCTION

3. Quick Questions on 10.1 What are the categories of macromolecules you know of? What are the types of carbohydrates? What is hydrolysis? What are enzymes? (see p 402-405 of your textbook)

4. 10.1 - The Roles of Water in our Body Flushing toxins from cells Lubricating tissues and joints Forming essential body fluids, such as blood & mucus Regulating body temperature (by sweating) Eliminating waste materials (in urine & sweat) Transporting dissolved nutrients into the cells that line the small intestine.

5. 10.1 - The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources

6. 10.1 - The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products

7. 10.1 - The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat

8. 10.1 - The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat Magnesium Supporting enzyme functions Producing protein Dark, leafy greens

9. 10.1 - The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat Magnesium Supporting enzyme functions Producing protein Dark, leafy greens Potassium Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Grains

10. 10.1 - The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat Magnesium Supporting enzyme functions Producing protein Dark, leafy greens Potassium Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Grains Sodium Conducting nerve signals Balancing body fluid Salt

11. 10.1 - The Roles of Minerals MineralKey Function in BodyPossible Sources Calcium Forming bone Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Diary products Iron Producing hemoglobin Red meat Magnesium Supporting enzyme functions Producing protein Dark, leafy greens Potassium Conducting nerve signals Contracting muscle Grains Sodium Conducting nerve signals Balancing body fluid Salt Q1) What mineral can you gain from cheese? Q2) What minerals should you consume to improve your nerve signals?

12. 10.1 - The Roles of Vitamins VitaminKey Function in BodyPossible Sources A (Carotene) Good vision Healthy skin & muscle tone Fruit B1 (Thiamine) Metabolizing carbs Growth & muscle tone Beans C Healthy bones, teeth, gums Boosting immune system Fruit D Absorbing calcium Forming bone Fish E Strengthening red blood cell membranes Fruit

13. 10.1 - The Roles of Vitamins VitaminKey Function in BodyPossible Sources A (Carotene) Good vision Healthy skin & muscle tone Fruit B1 (Thiamine) Metabolizing carbs Growth & muscle tone Beans C Healthy bones, teeth, gums Boosting immune system Fruit D Absorbing calcium Forming bone Fish E Strengthening red blood cell membranes Fruit Q1) What would you eat to strengthen your bones? Q2) Which vitamin can help you avoid the dentist?

14. 10.2 Our Digestive System

15. 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Esophagus

16. Esophagus (bolus goes from mouth to stomach) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

17. Esophagus (bolus goes from mouth to stomach) Liver 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

18. Esophagus (bolus goes from mouth to stomach) Liver (secretes bile/waste products which is sent to gall bladder to digest fats) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

19. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

20. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder (Stores the bile between the meals ) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract

21. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

22. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas (makes insulin, does protein digestion)

23. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

24. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach (J-shaped organ in which food is temporarily stored while chemical & mechanical digestion takes place) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

25. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Small Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

26. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Small Intestine (Absorption of nutrients & minerals in food) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

27. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

28. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine (water absorption) 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Pancreas

29. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Rectum (site of eliminating feces)

30. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Rectum Anus

31. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Rectum Anus (dispose feces and other wastes)

32. Esophagus Liver Gall Bladder Stomach Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine 10.2 Accessary Organs & The Digestive Tract Rectum Anus Digestive Organs Accessory Organs

33. 10.2 Esophagus Esophagus Peristalsis

34. 10.2 Esophagus Esophagus: muscular tube through which food passes from mouth to stomach Peristalsis

35. 10.2 Esophagus Esophagus: muscular tube through which food passes from mouth to stomach Peristalsis: wave-like muscular contraction in esophagus

36. A muscular, J-shaped organ in food is temporarily stored while further chemical & mechanical digestion takes place 10.2 Stomach

37. A muscular, J-shaped organ in food is temporarily stored while further chemical & mechanical digestion takes place Stomach is lined up with millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juice – a mixture of water, salt, and acids that help stomach digest food What helps break down proteins? Not Pepsi.. But.. 10.2 Stomach

38. A muscular, J-shaped organ in food is temporarily stored while further chemical & mechanical digestion takes place Stomach is lined up with millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juice – a mixture of water, salt, and acids that help stomach digest food Pepsin – enzyme in gastric juice that helps break down proteins 10.2 Stomach

39. A part of the alimentary canal where digestion is completed – it breaks down nutrient macromolecules into molecules 10.2 Small Intestine

40. A part of the alimentary canal where digestion is completed – it breaks down nutrient macromolecules into molecules 10.2 Small Intestine Nutrients are absorbed through membranes and they pass from the digestive system into the circulatory system which carries nutrients to cells & tissues throughout the body

41. A part of the alimentary canal where digestion is completed – it breaks down nutrient macromolecules into molecules 10.2 Small Intestine Nutrients are absorbed through membranes and they pass from the digestive system into the circulatory system which carries nutrients to cells & tissues throughout the body

42. Small intestine has 3 components 10.2 Small Intestine

43. Small intestine has 3 components 10.2 Small Intestine A short U-shaped part in which food passes from the stomach

44. Small intestine has 3 components 10.2 Small Intestine A short U-shaped part in which food passes from the stomach Breaks down remaining proteins & carbs

45. Small intestine has 3 components 10.2 Small Intestine A short U-shaped part in which food passes from the stomach Breaks down remaining proteins & carbs Absorbs nutrients & pushes undigested material into large intestine

46. Pancreas: secretes about 1 L of pancreatic fluid into duodenum everyday Pancreatic fluid contains - enzymes that chemically digest carbs, lipids & proteins - bicarbonate that alters pH to maximize enzyme efficiency Liver: largest internal organ inside us (size of a football) and its main digestion-related secretion is bile Bile: a greenish-yellow fluid secreted by the liver to help digest fat Bile is then sent to the gall bladder which stores bile between meals

47. Read pages 415-417 Complete Q13, 16 – pg 417 Definitions p 402-405