1. THE ATMOSPHERE Chapter 15

2. Earth’s atmosphere  Extends ABOUT 100 miles ( ? Km) above the surface

3. COMPOSTITION OF ATMOSPHERE

4. cynobacteria  Produced first oxygen

5. Atmospheric pressure Gravity pulls the air molecules toward the earth, giving them weight.Gravity pulls the air molecules toward the earth, giving them weight. This is called the atmospheric pressure.This is called the atmospheric pressure.

6. High elevations = lower pressure Low elevations = higher pressure

7. As elevation goes up, air pressure goes down. This is an inverse relationship.

8. At which location would the air pressure be the least? The Great Divide elev. = 10,759 ft. the Nambian Desert elev. = 825 ft. the Kona coast elev. = 0 ft. Mt. Everest elev. = 29,028 ft.

9. Mauna Kea

10. Why are the colors in this order?

11. Layers of atmosphere

12. Layers of the Atmosphere  Troposphere –Where weather occurs –Temperature DECREASES with altitude –Ground absorbs heat- Heated from bottom up cold hot

13. STRATOSPHERE  Warms with altitude  Planes fly in this layer  Contains ozone layer –Absorbs solar radiation (heat) –Filters UV rays –CFC’s destroy ozone  Refrigeration  Styrofoam  Air conditioners

14. OZONE LAYER  Thinning over Antarctica  Allows more UV –Skin cancer –Cataracts –Stunts plant growth

15. Ozone “hole” over Antarctica  Peaks in Oct.

16. Ozone Layer  Cl attacks O 3 and splits it apart  Chlorine doesn’t get destroyed

18. MESOSPHERE  Cools with altitude (farther from ozone layer)  Meteors burn up in this layer

19. THERMOSPHERE Absorbs harmful radiation – x-rays & gamma rays  Few molecules in this layer  Temperature is weird

21. Lapse rate  Average temperature decrease in the troposphere (3.5º F/ 1000 feet) Problem: If the surface temp is 40 º F, what is the temperature at 10,000 feet? 40 ° 10,ooo ft 0 ft

22. answer  5 ° farentheit

23. Lapse rate  If the surface temp. is 25 º F, at what altitude would it be -10 º F?  10,000 feet