1. John Price Program Manager First Responders Group Science and Technology Directorate FINDER: Finding Individuals for Disaster and Emergency Response InterAgency Board (IAB) Equipment Subgroup October 22, 2015

2. FINDER 2 Where we Started

3. Project Purpose and Objective 3 Purpose  Develop a tool for first responders to locate live human victims in disasters—such as earthquakes, structural collapses and floods— through the detection of beating hearts Using microwave radar, FINDER detects human heartbeats at standoff distances greater than 30 feet through walls, doors and rubble Allows effective allocation of search and rescue resources Helps first responders save lives through rapid victim detection and rescue Objective  Provide responders the ability to quickly determine if a live human is trapped within a collapsed structure, allowing limited Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) resources to be sent to the location of a viable victim

4. Background 4  April 2012 – Initiated through a requirement from FEMA US&R Program Office Responders desired the ability to walk down a city street after an earthquake leveled buildings and quickly determine whether anyone was buried alive Same technology could vastly improve law enforcement officer and firefighter safety Project builds upon 4 years and more than $3 million of research conducted for the U.S. Army

5. Problem at Hand 5 Where do you start?Where do you end?

6. Looking for the Holy Grail of Search & Rescue (SAR) 6 “Walk down a street with collapsed buildings and readily determine which have live humans in them!”

7. FINDER 7 Where we Are

8. 8 How SAR Teams Do It Now “Topas” – Wilderness Air-Scenting Search & Rescue Canine John Price

9. 9 FINDER Capabilities  Detects Human Heartbeats and Respiration Search from 5-30 ft. away Search results appear in less than 60 seconds Detects multiple victims in the same location Rejects non-human targets (distinguishes between a human heartbeat and an animal heartbeat) Radar RF output: 10 milliwatts at 3.1-3.2 GHz  Demonstrated Detection/Penetration Range > 30 ft. of concrete, rebar, gravel and rubble > 30 ft. of collapsed wood frame structure and appliances > 15 ft. of stacked reinforced concrete slabs > 100 ft. in open air or woodland > 50 ft. through residential walls  Size, Weight and Power 22 x 14 x 9 in (carry-on limitations) Approximately 20 lbs Waterproof (Ingress Testing IP67) 14-hour rechargeable battery life Used for Travel/Protection Sized to Fit in Airplane Overhead Compartmented

10. Search Strategy 10  FINDER covers an area twice as wide as far away (90 degrees)  It’s not a hard cutoff, much more fuzzy  Searches should be spaced about as far as the depth of search (30 feet) to have overlap between search areas

11. How the Radar Works 11 Reflection off surface Scattering from rubble, some goes towards target Return from Target Absorption in the soil  Radar illuminates the rubble pile (like a bright searchlight) and reflects everything, including the victim  But only if victim is moving (breathing and heartbeat)—look for tiny changes in reflection  Phase change is about 6º-7º due to small (1mm) motions of victim’s body due to heartbeat  Same for both continuous or pulsed radars; difference is in implementation

12. Multiple Antennas & Beams Allow Distinguishing Desired Targets from Others 12 Post-pilot, CPD will continue to integrate and test additional technologies through the duration of public safety broadband access. Red: 45% Green: 30% Blue: 60% Red: 100% Green: 100% Blue: 40% FINDER Rubble Victim First Responder First Responder heartbeat reflected off rubble Targets can be distinguished by relative strength and direction

13. What You See on the Display Date and Time Picture Results Reliability is combination of signal and “humanness” Heart and Respiration rates are approximate; FINDER is not a medical instrument 13

14. Stack of T-Beams Radar placed here, looking down Victim placed here Also detected victim here through 5 layers of 6” reinforced concrete; over 30 feet down (One million pounds of a concrete parking structure)

15. Additional Testing 15

16. Current Status  DHS/S&T work is competed Proof of Concept Field Trials: (OK-1, IN-1, VA-1, VA-2) Commercialization  Technology commercialized with two licensees  R4, Eatontown, New Jersey  Spec Ops Group, Tampa, Florida  Develop other uses for the sensor 16

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