1. All of the grammar you can handle, baby! L/O: to revise/learn the function and effects of personal pronouns and determiners to revise/learn the function and effects of personal pronouns and determiners Key terms: Subject – the actor in a verbal (verb = doing) process Object – the noun being affected by a verb process

2. Word Classes: there are 8 main word classes (or parts of speech) which are categorised by the function they have in a sentence. Word ClassFunctionExample Nouns‘naming’ wordsLondon, book, love AdjectivesDescribe nouns/pronounsLarge, happy, thick Verbs‘doing’ wordsJump, sleep, think AdverbsDescribe verbs (and sometimes adjectives and other adverbs too) Happily, sadly, silently PronounsTake the place of a nounYou, they it, me, him Connectives/ conjunctions ‘connecting’ wordsBut, so, and, however, because, as PrepositionsDefine relationships between words in terms of time, place and direction Before, through, on, under, by, at DeterminersGive specific kinds of information about a noun (quantity or possession) A, the, two, his, few, those

3. Pronouns take the place of NOUNS Pronouns, a sub-class of nouns, can be identified as the subject or object, just like nouns. Personal pronouns can replace people or things who are the subject if a sentence. They’re classified in terms of person and are either singular or plural: SingularPlural First personIWe Second personYou Third personHe, she, itthey What kind of pronoun?: She thanked Sanjay 3 rd person singular subject pronoun

4. Pronouns take the place of NOUNS Pronouns, a sub-class of nouns, can be identified as the subject or object, just like nouns. Pronouns can replace the person or thing who is the object if a sentence: SingularPlural First personMeUs Second personYou Third personHim, her, itthem What kind of pronoun?: Sarah thanked her 3 rd person singular object pronoun

5. Pronouns can be further classified: Type of PronounExample Possessive (ownership) My, your, his/her, our, their Reflexive (emphasis, functional, formal) Myself, ourselves, yourself, him/herself, themselves Demonstrative (shared understanding) This, these, that, those Relative (informal, interrogative + adverbs) Who, whom, which

6. Determiners show what the noun is referring to: There are several determiners (naturally – oh grammar, you are such a pain!), which all go before the noun: Definite articletheIndicates something specific Indefinite articleaIndicates something more general NumeralsOne, two, three (cardinal) first, second, third (ordinal) Tell you how many there are Possessive determiners My, your, his her, its, our, their (these are also pronouns) Indicate possession. (duh) QuantifiersSome, few, many, enough, all Show quantity Demonstrative adjectives This, that, these, those (these are also adjectives and pronouns) Refer to specific objects or people that the participants are close to (That’s mine.)

7. Task Read the Waitrose letter. 1.Find all of the pronouns a)To whom do they refer? b)Why are so many pronouns used in the text? 2.Find all of the determiners. a) What are their functions? 3.How do the pronouns and determiners relate to context, audience and purpose? (you may also want to talk about the graphology of the text…)