2. Cell: the smallest unit of life

3. Discovery of Cells 1665- Robert Hooke was the first to identify and name cells. 1674- Anton van Leeuwenhoek made better lenses and observed cells in greater detail. 1838- Mathias Schleiden noted that plants are made of cells 1839- Theodor Schwann concluded that all living things are made of cells 1855- Rudolf Virchow proposed that all cells come from other cells

4. Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells All existing cells are produced by other living cells. The cell is the most basic unit of life.

5. Prokaryotic cells Simple cells No nucleus Ex: bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

6. Prokaryotic Cell

7. E Coli Bacteria Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria

8. Eukaryotic Cells More complex Have a true nucleus Make up all living cells other than bacteria

9. Eukaryotic Cell

10. Nerve cell Nerve Cell Hair Cell Fingernail White and Red Blood Cells

11. Similarities and differences between the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotic cellsEukaryotic cells Cell size1-10 micrometers10-100 micrometers Cell membrane?Yes Membrane-bound organelles? NoYes Have nucleus?NoYes Have cytoplasm?Yes Have DNAYes, in cytoplasmYes, in nucleus ExamplesBacteriaFungi, plants, animals

13. Cells use three different methods to move themselves or debris

14. Flagella: long hairlike filaments used by some prokaryotes to move

15. Flagellum

16. Cilia: short hairlike projections that some cells use for movement

17. Pseudopod: false foot

18. Picture Quiz Identify the cells as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

19. Eukaryotic- Mushroom Cell

20. Eukaryotic- Red blood cells

21. Prokaryotic- Lactobacilli bacteria

22. Eukaryotic- fish egg cell

23. Prokaryotic- MRSA

24. Prokaryotic- Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria

25. Eukaryotic- Fern leaf cell

26. Eukaryotic- taste bud cell

27. Eukaryotic- Osteocyte (bone cell)

28. Eukaryotic- cartilage cells

29. Cell Organelles Specialized cell parts that carry out many different processes and functions.

30. Cell membrane Barrier around the cell that controls what goes in and out Security Guard

31. Nucleus Controls most of the cell’s processes Stores DNA Control center or ‘brain’ Nuclear Membrane Separates the nucleus from the rest of the cell

32. Nucleolus Darker portion inside the nucleus that produces ribosomes

33. Cytoplasm (cytosol) Jelly-like fluid inside the cell where metabolic processes occur

34. Ribosome Small organelles that float in the cytoplasm or on the ER that build proteins Cell workers

35. Endoplasmic Reticulum Produces and transports materials such as proteins Assembly line

36. Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body) Packages and distributes proteins and lipids Shipping and handling department

37. Lysosome Stores enzymes and removes worn- out organelles. Mainly in animal cells. Waste disposal unit

38. Mitochondria Provides energy for the cell Powerhouse or powerplant

40. Cytoskeleton Thin protein fibers that helps keep the cell’s shape

41. Centrioles Only found in animal cells that are important for cell division

42. Cell wall Found only in plant and fungus cells. Provides extra shape, support and protection.

43. Chloroplast Found only in plant cell. They contain chlorophyll used for photosynthesis

44. Vacuole Stores water, salts, and wastes. Plants have larger ones Storage unit

45. Differences Between Plant and Animal Cells Plant CellsAnimal Cells Have a Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and Endoplasmic Reticulum? YES Have a Cell Wall? YESNO Have Lysosomes? NO (rarely)YES Have Vacuoles? YESNone or Small Have Chloroplasts? YESNO

48. Cellular Differentiation 250 different kinds of cells in the human body Through cellular differentiation, different types of cells are created to carry out specific tasks or functions. In animals the “starter” cells that differentiate are called stem cells In plants those cells are called meristematic cells

49. Cellular Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Organisms

51. Image References http://tissupath.com.au/medical-student-subjects-skin/ http://www.acceleratedstudynotes.com/ib/biology-ib/ib-biology-eukaryotic-cells/ http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/plants/tissue.html http://michelleburden.weebly.com/levels-of-organization.html http://www.interactive-biology.com/3956/anatomy-of-the-plant-cell-vs-a-human-cell/ http://www.recredible.com/view/biology/77 http://bms.westfordk12.us/pages/teams/7green/cells/grouph/Hcellwall.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/centriole-function.html https://twitter.com/cytoskeleton69 http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mitochondria/mitochondria.html http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch06/Golgi.html http://genius.com/2607907/Biology-genius-cell-organelles/Endoplasmic-reticulum http://thecellorganelles.weebly.com/rough--smooth-endoplasmic-reticulum.html http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/316287/view http://www.kbalab.com/portfolio/outer-hair-cell/ http://webpages.shepherd.edu/blidgerd/course_descriptions.htm https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cell-structure-4/prokaryotic-cells- 59/characteristics-of-prokaryotic-cells-312-11445/https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/cell-structure-4/prokaryotic-cells- 59/characteristics-of-prokaryotic-cells-312-11445/ http://www.extension.org/pages/28432/staphylococcus-aureus#.Vb5UOkL5NUQ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Enterococcus_faecalis_SEM_01.png https://www.reddit.com/r/RealMicroscopicLife http://biologos.org/blog/bacterial-flagellum-appearances-can-be-deceiving http://www.turbosquid.com/Search/Index.cfm?keyword=flagella http://www.sciencefriday.com/segment/07/22/2011/video-pick-engineering-artificial-cilia.html http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch28/amoeba.html

52. http://www.deviantart.com/art/Organelle-Illustrations-260886159 https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/test-2/deck/6315023 http://iws.collin.edu/biopage/faculty/mcculloch/1406/outlines/chapter%207/chap07.htm http://www2.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/biobookcell2.html http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/animals/cell/