1. Class Project Report Sustainable Air Quality, EECE 449/549, Spring 2009 Washington University, St. Louis, MO The Energy Analysis and Carbon Footprint of the Danforth University Center and its Causality Drivers Instructors: Professor Rudolf B. Husar, Erin M. Robinson For more details see the class wikiclass wiki Students: Maiko Arashiro Alex Clark Neil Feinberg Mark Henson Kerry Herr Evan Kangas Janna Lambson Michael McDonald Katie Poeltl Cameron Smith Kharel Thompson

2. Class Project: Carbon Footprint of Danforth Campus Specific Objectives: 1.Develop and apply carbon emission estimation model 2.Estimate the carbon footprint of Danforth Campus 3.Establish the key causality drivers for the emissions 4.Compare the WU carbon emissions to other Universities

3. Main Components of WU Carbon Emissions: On Campus Energy Use in Buildings and Transportation The impact on carbon arises from on-campus energy use and from transportation On Campus Energy Use Carbon Impact Students Heating Cooling Appliances Faculty/Staff Transportation Carbon Impact Commuting Air Travel University Fleet

4. DUC Services to People Number of People/day…?? Dining Socializing Student Services? Other Infer from LEEDs …

5. DUC Space Usage Dining/Open Offices Kitchen Other Facilities? Directly from LEEDS DUC

6. DUC Energy Balance In/Out, Btu Electricity Gas Hot Water Cold Water ?? Btu /day ? Btu /day ?? Btu /day ??? Btu /day VentilationCooking Hoods ?? Btu /day ‘Skin’ Activities Dining/Cooking Socializing Social Services ‘Leaks’ ?? Btu /day

7. DUC Energy Expense In/Out $$ Electricity Gas Hot Water Cold Water ??? $ /day VentilationCooking Hoods ??? $/day ‘Skin’ ? $/day ‘Leaks’

8. DUC Carbon Balance In/Out C Electricity Gas Hot Water Cold Water ??? C /day VentilationCooking Hoods ??? C /day ‘Skin’ ? C/day ‘Leaks’

11. DUC HVAC Energy/ Recovery, Btu Exhaust Heat Recovery DUC Btu $$ Carbon Room Heat/Cool? Air Intake Pre heat. cool? Electricity? Hot/Chill Water Kerry Diagrams – need data for heat flow rates through AIR. In/Out/Recovery

12. Electricity Distribution.. Detail? Kerry Diagrams – need data for

13. DUC Electricity Distribution ?? KWH /day Consumption ?? KWH /day Utilities?? Lighting HVAC – HV separate? Other?? ?? KWH /day

14. Cool and Hot Water Fit function CW f(Temp) Fit function HW f(Temp)

15. Gas Distribution

16. Diurnal Chart 4 separate streams, baseline, total?

17. DUC Carbon Footprint March-AprilFull Year estimate from Weather data

18. Gas Distribution

20. Carbon Footprint

21. Diurnal Chart

22. DUC Consumption By Application Heating (Elec., CW, HW, GAS) Ventilation/Cooling (Elec., CW, HW, GAS) Lighting (Elec., CW, HW, GAS) Kitchen (Elec., CW, HW, GAS) Appliances (Elec., CW, HW, GAS) Other Facilities? (Elec., CW, HW, GAS) Need usage pattern for each Consumption: Btu, $$, C

23. Activities Apportionment Pie chart showing how much carbon is associated with each activity in the DUC

24. DUC Consumption By People Purpose Dining Socializing Student Services? Need usage pattern for each Consumption: Btu, $$, C

25. Offices

26. Conferences

27. Renewable Analysis for Electricity

28. DUC is LEED building, so more efficient than the average building How much more efficient could it be with different power sources? Consideration of wind, solar, hydroelectric How much area is needed for wind/solar? How high must dam be to power DUC? Use 2008 campus analysis from Dan Giammar

29. Solar Power Analysis Cost of operation, installation, maintenance Square footage necessary Where is there available area for this installation? How long before the installation can pay for itself?

30. Solar Power Charts Showing averages of cost, etc.

31. Wind Power Analysis Cost of operation, installation, maintenance Square footage necessary Where is available area for this installation? Cost of building the structure, distributed over its lifetime How long before it pays for itself

32. Wind Power Charts Showing cost, averages, etc.

33. Hydroelectric Analysis How high must a dam be to supply this power to the DUC? Where is the closest place to build a small dam on the Meramac river? How much electricity could be lost in transmission?

34. Carbon Trading/Taxes Based on the carbon offsets of powering the DUC fully from renewables/carbon free sources, what kind of carbon trading, carbon tax money would be saved by Washington University? In general, how much carbon would we be reducing?