1. In Hot Water Moorea Coral Reef Long Term Ecological Research Program Michele Kissinger

2. Remember that an Ecosystem is all the living and non-living things in an area working together. Fish breathe Oxygen Algae use Carbon Dioxide Fish compete against one another for algae Algae use Sunlight (Algae is like a plant, it does photosynthesis)

3. Animals have to adapt to both the biotic and the abiotic influences in their ecosystem. This fish is hiding from predators. A Biotic influence This fish is protected from waves. An Abiotic influence Can you see me?

4. Coral and Kelp are found in different areas around the world. Can you guess why? Do you see any patterns?

5. Because the sun’s ray are most intense near the equator… …air near the equator is heated more than anywhere else.

6. Because the air near the equator is warm… …air near the equator rises into Earth’s atmosphere. …and warm air rises… …and cooler air moves in to take it’s place.

7. This air rushing toward the equator cause a very interesting wind pattern over the Earth. the Earth’s rotation and

8. These wind patterns… …push the ocean and create gyres

9. …and how cool water from the poles is carried toward the equator. Notice how warm water from the equator is carried by currents up towards the poles…

10. The kelp is near poles and coasts where currents carry cool water. Equator

11. The cool and nutrient-rich water off California is great for KELP! Los Angeles

12. And what about the coral?

13. Notice that the coral is near the equator and coasts where currents carry warm water. Equator

14. The warm, clear water off Moorea is great for coral! Moorea Los Angeles

15. These abiotic factors (temperature, nutrients, sunlight) impact coral and kelp, and other animals that depend on them.

16. but it also changes throughout the year. Temperature changes around the planet,

17. Let’s explore some of these yearly changes by graphing some of the data scientists collect. You will each graph the water temperature for a year and then compare your year to others.

18. What kinds of patterns did you see?

19. Did you notice that the temperature in Moorea is coldest in the southern hemisphere’s winter (July)? Moorea Los Angeles

20. The temperature in Moorea is warmest in the southern hemisphere’s summer (December). Moorea Los Angeles

21. Can you see the difference in temperature between places with coral and kelp? Kelp is found in cold water ~16°C Moorea Los Angeles Coral is found in warm water ~28°C

22. Do you think that coral could grow off the coast of California? Moorea Los Angeles Probably not, it’s too COLD!

23. Some animals survive better in certain abiotic conditions than others

25. This lesson covers California State Science Content Standards: 4 th Grade Life Science 3a –Ecosystems can be characterized by their living and non-living components. 3b –In any particular environment, some kinds of plants and animals survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all. Investigation and Experimentation 6a –Scientists’ explanations come from what they observe and how they interpret their observations. 6c –Formulate and justify predictions based on cause-and-effect relationships. 6e –Construct and interpret graphs from measurement.

26. Credits This Lesson Was Developed By: Michele Kissinger Education and Outreach Coordinator Moorea Coral Reef LTER Funding By: