1. El Nino Southern Oscillation

2. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.) Warm west, cold east Warm everywhere, but particularly in the central Pacific Warming erodes everywhere in response to upwelling

3. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

4. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

5. Oceanic Temperatures as a Function of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

6. Southern Oscillation Index (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.) p diff = p(Tahiti) – p(Darwin)

7. Southern Oscillation Index (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.) El Nino: Warmer at Tahiti -> Lower SLP -> Negative SOI La Nina: Cooler at Tahiti -> Higher SLP -> Positive SOI

8. ENSO Monitoring Regions (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

9. Walker Circulation During La Nina Events (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.) Enhanced heating drives enhanced ascent Enhanced cooling drives enhanced descent

10. Walker Circulation During El Nino Events (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.) Enhanced heating drives enhanced ascent Weakened cooling drives substantially weakened descent

11. El Nino and the Australian Monsoon (Figure obtained from Ch. 3 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

12. El Niño and W. Hemisphere Hurricanes (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

13. NH Winter Impacts of El Niño (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

14. NH Summer Impacts of El Niño (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

15. NH Winter Impacts of La Niña (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

16. NH Summer Impacts of La Niña (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

17. Northern Hemispheric Pattern Modulation by ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

18. Delayed Oscillator Theory (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

19. Delayed Oscillator Theory (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

20. Western Pacific Oscillator Theory (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

21. Dynamical Model Forecasts of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)

22. Statistical Model Forecasts of ENSO (Figure obtained from Ch. 4 of An Introduction to Tropical Meteorology, 2 nd Edition. © 2011, COMET.)