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Ch. 14: World War II, 1930-1945
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Followed by string of Japanese victories Singapore, Hong Kong, Burma, several pacific islands, and the Philippines fell in April, 1942 The Bataan Death March Japanese forced 70,000 American & Filipino POWs to march up Bataan Peninsula to distant prison camp Tropical heat, starvation, lack of water, and brutal treatment resulted in 600 American deaths; thousands more died while at the prison camp
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Battle of the Coral Sea (May,1942) Japanese plan to attack British in New Guinea (Northeast of Australia) Allies attack Japan first; both lose a carrier but 1 st time Japan had been stopped Battle of Midway (June, 1942) Japanese hoped to capture U.S. base at Midway Island and lure U.S. navy into sea battle Although U.S. outnumbered, it had broken Japanese code so was able to plan defense in advance Tremendous U.S. victory as they sunk 4 Japanese carriers while losing only one; turning pt. of war in Pacific
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U.S. followed strategy known as leapfrogging Took weaker islands while skipping over Japanese strongholds, moving ever closer to Japan itself Cut off from its supply routes, the strongholds would eventually fall on their own 1942-’44: US Marines fought series of death struggles with Japanese forces entrenched on island fortresses Guadalcanal; the Solomon, Gilbert, Marshall, Caroline, and Mariana Islands
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Battle of Leyte Gulf- October, 1944 Largest naval battle ever in history of world First major battle in U.S.’s attempt to retake the Philippines Japanese 1 st use of kamikazes, sinking tons of Allied ships but failing to win the battle It would still take several more months of war to defeat Japan, but her control of the Pacific had come to an end
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