1. Historical Development of American Education
Chapter 5
Historical Development of American Education

2. Colonial Education
New England: Puritan education, stressing religion to counter child depravity. Early public town schools, followed by private Latin grammar school and Harvard College for upper-class boys.
Middle Atlantic: Diverse religious schools, for- profit schools emphasizing practical skills.
South: Private tutors for children of wealthy, followed by boarding school. Skills training, but no reading instruction for slave children.

3. Developments in Public Schooling
Common Schools: Elementary level, established state by state, included one-room schools on the frontier
Public High Schools: Gradually replaced the academy in latter half of 19th century
Jr. High Schools: Initiated in 1920s and 1930s; middle schools developed beginning in 1960s
State Colleges and Universities: Established in first half of 19th century; land-grant colleges established after 1862 Morrill Act

4. History of American High Schools
1600s: Private Latin grammar schools, for-profit skills schools.
1700s: Private academies included both practical and scholarly curricula, as well as normal schools for teachers.
1800s: Public high schools introduced, grow more popular in second half of century.
1900s s: Growth of large, comprehensive high schools and continuing efforts to determine appropriate curricula.

5. Pioneering American Educators
Benjamin Franklin: Founded an academy with a utilitarian curriculum different from Latin grammar schools.
Thomas Jefferson: Favored tax-supported public schools; principal founder of the University of Virginia.
Benjamin Rush: Advocated “denominationally” controlled schools; promoted women’s academies and colleges
Noah Webster: promoted an American language; published dictionaries and spellers.

6. Pioneering American Educators (cont’d)
Horace Mann: First Secretary of Massachusetts State Board of Education; guided Massachusetts to establish free, public universal elementary schools.
Catharine Beecher: Tied education for women to teacher preparation; established model teacher education institutions.
William Holmes McGuffey: Wrote the McGuffey Readers which emphasized moral values
W. E. B. DuBois: Through the NAACP advocated for all children having equality of educational opportunity.

7. Education in a Culturally Diverse Society
Assimilation
Focuses on developing a single American identity
Discourages or forbids students’ use of native languages
Discourages or forbids cultural customs or learning styles that do not fit American ideal
Curriculum emphasizes western European cultural heritage
Multiculturalism
Encourages diverse cultural identities
Bilingual education is often an option
Accommodates diverse learning styles and appreciates contributions of diverse cultural customs
Curriculum recognizes diverse cultural heritage

8. Recent Historical Trends
Controversy over immigration
Teaching about evolution
Emphasis on educational technology
Gender equity promoted by Title IX
Inclusion for students with disabilities
Protection against violence, bullying and harassment
Responses to Sept. 11