1. Vernal Equinox, the First Day of Spring By Dr. Harold Williams of Montgomery College Planetarium http://montgomerycollege.edu/Departments/planet/ 12:57PM EDT March 20, 2014 Old Farmers Almanac Spring Equinox

2. S N W E Polaris On the day of an equinox… On the day of an winter solstice… On the day of an summer solstice… The Sky Dome Sunrises and Sunsets for the Seasons

3. S N W E Polaris, North Pole Vernal or Autumnal Equinox, EAST Summer Solstice, North of East Winter Solstice, South of East Starting Points for the Sun

4. Obliquity of the ecliptic 23 ½ degrees, approximately, between day axis of rotation and year axis of revolutionary orbit of the earth about the sun Causes of the Seasons Seasons are caused by the tilt of the earths axis, 23 ½ degrees, approximately. Seasons are not caused by the fact that the earths orbit is not a perfect circle, but the earth’s orbit, during the year, around the sun is slightly elliptical. Cause of the Inequality of the length of the Seasons The ellipticity of the earths orbit does cause the seasons to be slightly unequal in length.

5. Length of Seasons Winter 88 days 23 hours 54 minutes Spring 92 days 18 hours 26 minutes Summer 93 days 15 hours 29 minutes Autumn 89 days 20 hours Sun and Earth closest to each other, perihelion Around January 3 or 4 Sun and Earth most distant from each other, aphelion Around July 4

6. Equinoxes and Solstices The Vernal (Spring) Equinox (about March 21): The location where the Sun crosses the equator when going from south of the equator to north of the equator. –Position of the Sun: R.A. 0 h, Dec 0 o The Summer Solstice (about June 21): The location where the Sun is at its furthest north. –Position of the Sun: R.A. 6 h, Dec +23.5 o

7. Equinoxes and Solstices The Autumnal (Fall) Equinox (about September 21): Where the Sun crosses the equator when going from north to south. –Position of the Sun: R.A. 12 h, Dec 0 o The Winter Solstice (about December 21): The location where the Sun is at its furthest south. –Position of the Sun: R.A. 18 h, Dec –23.5 o

8. Some Resources on Seasons Seasons in the Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasons http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasons Spring Seasons in the Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28sea son%29 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28sea son%29 Tropical Year in the Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_year http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_year

9. People have known this for a long time.

10. Nowruz

11. Haft-Sin table

12. Jamshid ancient mythological figure of Greater Iranian culture and tradition. Greater Iranian

13. Polar Vortex Jennifer Francis - Understanding the Jetstream Published on YouTube Feb 26, 2013Jennifer Francis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nzwJg4 Ebzo 5 minutes 31 seconds!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_nzwJg4 Ebzo Rossby Wave Vorticity and Vorticity EquationsVorticityVorticity Equations

14. Easter The First Council of Nicaea (325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the March equinox. Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on 21 March (even though the equinox occurs, astronomically speaking, on 20 March in most years), and the "full moon" is not necessarily the astronomically correct date.First Council of NicaeaPaschal Full Moon