1. Libertyville High School

2. Structure of the Constitution  Article I makes Congress strong Article I 17 enumerated powers Commerce Clause Necessary and Proper Clause  Founding fathers intended Congress to be strongest branch of government – why? B/c it represented the people!  Article II Article II much more vague Only seven enumerated powers

3. Growth in Presidential Power  Why has presidential power grown? Unity of office Strong willed presidents ○ Washington; Lincoln; FDR; Reagan Growing public expectations War time = power to president as C in C Congressional delegation Growth of Federal Government President’s use of “bully pulpit”

4. Limits on Presidential Power  Constitution Article II’s enumerated powers limit authority of president to those 7 pwrs But presidents argue for “executive powers” of presidency (exec. orders)  Precedent (past actions) set by other presidents (ex. signing statements) State of the union Then And Now

5. Limits on Executive Power  Congress Sets policy, makes laws (designed to be strongest branch) BUT what if they delegate their authority away to the President, for political reasons? (war powers)

6. Limits on Executive Power UUS Supreme Court Interprets Constitution But someone must file a case to get the judicial branch involved And who appoints US Supreme Court Justices, and all other federal judges?

7. How Should America be Governed?  Strong Executive, Weak Congress?  Strong Congress, Weak Executive?  Strong Executive, Strong Congress (with lots of conflict)?