1. Gender and Gender Roles
Goals
A World Without Gender
To explore the levels of sex
To better understand the variations of sex/gender
To articulate processes of gender identity development

2. How Many Sexes Are There?
Genetic/chromosomal sex
Gonadal/hormonal sex
Body sex
Brain sex

3. What is Genetic/Chromosomal Sex?
Begins with genetic combo of sperm and egg
Genetic map is established
23 pairs of chromosomes
22 are autosomes (non-sex chromosomes)
1 pair contains sex chromosomes (XX or XY – or some other configuration)

4. What is Gonadal/Hormonal Sex?
AT THE BEGINNING (we all have….)
Accessory Organs
A Pair of Sexless Gonads
Two Duct Systems (Mullerian/Wollfian)
As Development Progresses….
XY XX
(no Y to interfere)
Y X
H-Y Antigen Development of ovaries
Testicular development Estrogen
Androgens (Testosterone) Wollfian ducts deteriorate
Development of Wollfian ducts into Development of Mullerian ducts
penis and scrotum into uterus and fallopian tubes
Activation of the Mullerian repression
hormone

5. What is Body Sex?
By the 8th week, sex organs are distinguishable (16th week by US is typical)
Testosterone and DHT
Parts influence person’s self perception

6. What is Brain Sex? The sexually differentiated brain?
Hormones and the brain

7. What Are Some Variations on Biological Sex?
~Intersexuality
~True hermaphrodite/ Pseudohermaphrodite
~Fetally Androgenized females
~Expsosure to synthetic hormones
~Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
~Androgen insensitivity syndrome/Testicular feminization
~DHT deficiency syndrome
Guevedoces
~Turner’s syndrome
~XXY and XYY

8. What Are Some Gender Terms?
Gender identity
Gender role
Cisgender

9. A Look at Meanings of Trans
Transgender
Role of DSM
Transsexual
Transvestite
Health care

10. How is Gender Identity Developed?
Combining chromosomes from egg and sperm
H-Y antigen
Fetal gonads
(testes or ovaries)
Production or nonproduction of fetal hormones
Growth of distinguishable Effects on development
female and/or male sex organs of the brain
Distinguishable female and/or male sex organs
Sex assignment at birth
Child’s own body image
Rearing child as boy or girl
Child’s core gender identity
Prenatal Factors
Infancy & Childhood Factors

11. How Might Gender Be Interpreted?
BIPOLAR “All Man” “All Woman” Becoming more feminine Becoming more masculine and less masculine and less feminine Hypermasculine traits Hyperfeminine traits
ORTHOGONAL
Feminine
Not masculine Masculine
Not Feminine
OBLIQUE
Androgynous
Feminine Masculine
Not masculine Not feminine
Undifferentiated

12. Gender Feedback Loop
While many argue gender and sex are separate things, they can also be considered as interactive with one another – gender shapes sexual identity and sexual identity shapes gender.
Shrinking Woman

13. Gender Feedback Loop

14. Are Sex and Gender Multidimensional?
Male Female
Biological Sex
(external genitalia, internal repro. systems, chroms, hormones, secondary sex characs)
Male Intersex/Hermaphrodite Female
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Gender Identity
(sense of self as being male or female; gender identity doesn’t always match biological sex)
Man/boy Both/Neither/Other Woman/girl
Gender Expression
(Display of gender traits like clothing, hair, mannerisms, speech, roles)
Masculine Androgynous Feminine
Sexual Orientation
(erotic and affectional response to another with respect to gender, bio sex?)
Attracted to women Bisexual/Asexual/Pansexual(?) Attracted to men
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