1.  Moving to Advanced Supercritical Plant & Capture-Ready Measures Dr P. Mahi; P. Napier-Moore Mott MacDonald

2.  Advanced Supercritical Plants Temperature (°C) Pressure (bar)(MPa) Subcritical Supercritical Advanced Supercritical 538 540 – 566 580 - 620 167 220 – 240 270 16 25 30

3. Advanced Supercritical Plants (500 MW) CoalSubcriticalSupercriticalAdvanced Supercritical Singrauli Coal Gross Efficiency (LHV) Net Efficiency (LHV) Gross Efficiency (HHV) Net Efficiency (HHV) Mount Arthur Coal Gross Efficiency (LHV) Net Efficiency (LHV) Gross Efficiency (HHV) Net Efficiency (HHV) 41.3 38.8 39.2 36.8 41.3 38.8 39.6 37.2 43.2 40.6 41.0 38.5 43.2 40.6 41.4 38.9 45.9 43.2 43.5 40.9 46.0 43.2 44.0 41.4

4.  Advanced Supercritical Plants (500 MW) CO 2 emissions SubcriticalSupercriticalAdvanced Supercritical Singrauli Coal t/h % reduction Mount Arthur Coal t/h % reduction 425 0 436 0 406 4.5 417 4.8 382 8.0 392 10.0

5.  Supercritical Plants Total Last 10 Years

6.  Advanced Supercritical Plant / LocationOwnerYear Completed Steam Temp. (°C) Pressure (MPa) Power (MW) Fuel Huaneng Yuhuan, China Waigaoqiao III, China Avedore II, Denmark Nordjyllandsvaer Ket 3, Denmark Skaevbaerket, Denmark SMEPC Energy E2 Elsam 2007 2005 2001 1998 1997 600/600 582/600 582/580 26.3 27 30 29 1000 2 x 1000 415 Coal Coal, gas gas

7.  Advanced Supercritical Plants – Costs CoalUnit (500 MW) SubcriticalSupercriticalAdvanced Supercritical Singrauli Coal Capex Mount Arthur Coal Capex INR million INR /kWe US/kWe INR million INR /kWe US/kWe 28 000 56 004 1 223 26 698 53 395 1 167 29 586 59 175 1293 28 171 56 347 1 231 30 391 60 783 1 328 28 931 57 862 1 264 O&M Costs- Similar - In India; likely to be higher

8.  Implementation Issues  Technology Issues – waterwall craking – negative flow characteristic – slagging  Availability of skilled operating staff  Coal quality and boiler performance  Environmental benefits  Socio-economic benefits

9.  Incentives  Carbon related revenue can make a substantial difference to the economics of supercritical plants and most notably to the economics of advanced supercritical units  Key issue is carbon price risk after 2012.

10.  Essential measures, focussed on the plant site, include:  Land area and layout able to accommodate: – the capture equipment, new pipelines, expanded utilities and additional generation units  Provisions for new pipework in the Water-Steam-Condensate cycle – allowing for heat integration  Design of the steam cycle to be compatible with the likely steam extraction requirements of the capture unit – inclusion of off-take tee at IP/LP crossover pipe, with target crossover pressure of e.g. 3-4 bar(a) for amines  Allow space for addition/upgrade of FGD, to meet flue gas purity requirements, as applicable, of CO 2 capture  Route to CO 2 storage that is economically competitive on a global stage (€/tCO 2 basis) Post Combustion Capture-Ready Essential Measures – focussed on Plant Site

11.   Optional measures – first tier – Identification of potential sequestration sites and preliminary geological investigations to screen these. – Pipeline route determined, where CO 2 exported by pipeline rather than ship. – Installation of FGD that can readily be upgraded to meet flue gas purity required  Optional measures – second tier – Sequestration site test wells, integrity studies, access rights and permitting – Pipeline route land ownership, way leaves and permitting of CO2 transportation – Increase on-site utility capacity – including compressed air, cooling water treatment and electrical distribution. – Pre-investment in up-rated base plant e.g. FGD, ID fans Post Combustion Capture-Ready Optional Measures – Up to CO 2 Storage

12.  Capture-Ready Plant Key Issues  Capital cost impact within power plant relatively low  Need for consideration of CCS in national-level generation planning & site selection  Need for review of planning and regulatory barriers for CO 2 transport and storage chain? – Potentially on critical path to retrofit  Possible need for outside support with capture-ready design to mitigate risk of delays to design process, while still ensuring that barriers to CCS are removed  Mott MacDonald’s current studies of advanced supercritical plant and capture-ready plant will provide analysis tailored to India – for the UMPPs

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