2. Waves and Energy Transfer 14.1 Wave Properties

3. Wave A repeating disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter or space

4. Mechanical Waves Require a medium Can be Transverse and Longitudinal

5. Electromagnetic Waves Do NOT need a medium to travel through Electromagnetic waves are Transverse waves

6. Electromagnetic Wave A disturbance (wave) in electrical and magnetic fields Does not require a medium

7. Types of

8. Matter Wave Wave-particle duality of matter Quantum Mechanics

10. Transverse Waves Disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel

11. Longitudinal Waves Disturbance is parallel to the direction of travel AKA Compressional waves All longitudinal waves are mechanical waves

12. Water Surface Waves Both transverse and longitudinal

13. Wave Pulse A single disturbance that travels through a medium

14. The Measures of a Wave

15. Crest & Trough

16. Wavelength The distance from crest to crest One Cycle Lambda

17. The Period The amount of time it takes for one complete cycle

18. Frequency 1 Hz is 1 wave per second The number of waves per second Measured in Hertz (Hz)

19. Wave Velocity

20. Amplitude The Height of the wave Equals the wave energy

21. Behavior of Waves Diffraction Refraction Reflection Interference Constructive Destructive

22. Interference Two or more waves traveling through a medium at the same time Constructive – increases amplitude Destructive – decreases amplitude

23. Standing Waves Node Antinode

24. Reflection Normal line – right angle to barrier Angle of Incidence Angle of Reflection

25. The Law of Reflection

26. Refraction The change in the direction of a wave at the boundary of two different media

27. Diffraction The bending of a wave around an obstacle or an edge

28. Sound Properties of Sound

29. Sound Waves Sound waves are longitudinal (compressional) waves in matter

30. If a tree falls in a forest and no one hears it, does it make a sound?

31. Loudness and Pitch Amplitude Frequency

32. Velocity of Sound Waves Depends on the medium and the temperature

33. Reflection of Sound Waves Echo

34. Doppler Effect The apparent change in the frequency (pitch) of waves because of the relative motion between an observer and the wave source

36. Doppler Effect Equation: Calculate observed frequency of an object moving toward a stationary observer While standing near a railroad crossing, a person hears a distant train horn. According to the train's engineer, the frequency emitted by the horn is 440 Hz. The train is traveling at 20.0 m/s and the speed of sound is 346 m/s. What is the observed frequency that reaches the bystander as the train approaches the crossing? 467 Hz

37. Red Shift and Blue shift

38. Sonic Boom A shock wave caused by merging sound waves

39. Sound Level Decibels 10-dB is twice as loud

40. Light Light Fundamentals

41. Electromagnetic Radiation Visible light wavelength 400-700 nm

42. Wave lengths of visible light Different wavelengths of light equal different colors ROYGBIV

43. The speed of Light And all other EM waves

44. Photon A particle of light

45. Sources of Light Luminous Body Emits light waves Illuminated Body Reflects light

46. Incandescent Object Emits light because it is extremely hot

47. Luminous Flux (P) The rate at which light is emitted A 100-watt bulb emits 1750 lumen

48. Illuminance (E) The Illumination of a surface Lumens per square meter (lux or lx)

49. Illuminance equation P is the lumens

50. Inverse Square Law If the distance doubles, the intensity decreases by a factor of 4

51. Candela (cd) A measure of luminous intensity Increase flux, decrease distance The SI unit for light intensity

52. Transparent Translucent Opaque