1. Flat-beam IR optics José L. Abelleira, PhD candidate EPFL, CERN BE-ABP Supervised by F. Zimmermann, CERN Beams dep. Thanks to: O.Domínguez. S Russenchuck, D.Shatilov, M. Zobov CERN, 22 th February 2013 Joint Snowmass-EUCARD/AccNet-HiLumi LHC meeting Frontier capabilities for Hadron colliders

2. Contents Crab-waists collisions concept Flat beam optics for LHC CW for HE-LHC – Parameters – Time evolution Conclusions 2Jose L. Abelleira

3. Crab-waist collisions (I) Jose L. Abelleira3 An important limitation in hadron machines is beam-beam tune shift More luminosity Length of the Collision section With Head-on collisions or small φ But in LPA regime ! For LHC

4. Crab-waist collisions (II) Jose L. Abelleira4 Suppressed by crab-waist scheme On the other hand, a LPA induces strong X-Y resonances Normal collision schemeCrab-waist collision scheme P.Raimondi, D.Shatilov, M. Zobov σ x * /σ y * ≥10 Suitable for lepton machines More challenging for hadron colliders Condition for cw collisions 2 sextupoles spaced from the IP β x * /β y * ≥100

5. Flat beam optics for LHC Local chromatic correction in both planes + crab-waist collisions sext1 sext5 sext3 Chromatic correction β x * =1.5 m β y * =1.5 cm 5Jose L. Abelleira ΔμxΔμx ΔμyΔμy sext1 sext2 sext3 sext4 sext5 π/2 3π/2 2π2π5π/2 sext2 sext4 CRAB-WAIST SEXTUPOLE π/2 Phase advance from IP Separation magnets

6. Flat beam optics for LHC 45 mm 15σ y 15σ x σ x/ σ y =10 Minimum required according to beam-beam simulations. Reference orbit 6Jose L. Abelleira

7. Crab-waist simulations CW = 0CW = 0.5 Resonances 7Jose L. Abelleira Frequency Map Analysis (FMA) Effective for the beam-beam resonance suppression. Plot shown for θ c = 1.5 mrad Dmitry Shatilov Mikhail Zobov

8. Luminosity evolution Jose L. Abelleira8 Beam lifetime due to burn off Higher L INT ↘we just have to adjust the parameters to have SR damping as a compensator for the burn off

9. Symmetric optics Jose L. Abelleira9 IR optics is symmetric. Two options – Match the sym. IR optics to the antisymetric arc optics. – Design a symmetric optics in the arcs. N N S S N N S S N N S S

10. Jose L. Abelleira10 B 0 =-5.8 T g=115 T/m Double half quadrupole B y (x) proposed for c-w LHC as a solution to have diff pol quadrupoles for the 2 beams in a same aperture S. Russenchuck

11. Jose L. Abelleira11 Gradient : 220 T/m B y (x) Double aperture magnets with same polarity (as in LHC arc quadrupoles) Double aperture magnets with same polarity for c-w HE-LHC S. Russenchuck 18.4 cm Gradient : 219 T/m

12. Parameters (I) 12Jose L. Abelleira c.m. energy [TeV]33 Circumference [km]26.7 Dipole field [T]20 Dipole coil aperture [mm]40 Beam half aperture [mm]13 Injection energy [TeV]>1.0 Initial longitudinal emittance [eVs]5.67 r.m.s. bunch length [cm]7.7 peak luminosity [cm -2 s -1 ] Due to the fast emittance shrink Initial luminosity ≠ peak luminosity The initial beam size has been chosen to allow c-w from the beginning of a run σ x * /σ y * =10 O. Domínguez. HE-LHC/VHE-LHC parameters, time evolutions & integrated luminosities. This workshop

13. Parameters (II) 13Jose L. Abelleira θ = 2 mradθ = 8 mrad initial luminosity [cm -2 s -1 ] N 0 [10 11 ]2.453.05 Crossing angle [mrad]28 Technology for last quad.Double-half quad.Double aperture quad. IP beta function (H/V) [m]3/0.03 Norm. initial emittance (H/V) [μm rad]2.1 Initial beam size IP [μm]19/1.9 Number of bunches1404 Crossing scheme horizontal at the two IP Initial Piwinski angle4.116.3 Initial total tune shifts [10 -3 ]3.2/1.30.3/0.4 maximum total tune shifts8.9/2.41.1/1.2 Beam separation [σ]31712680 O. Domínguez.

14. Parameters (III) 14Jose L. Abelleira θ = 2 mradθ = 8 mrad Long. SR emittance damping time [h]1.01 Transverse SR emittance damping time [h]2.02 Initial horizontal IBS emittance rise time [h] 37.5121.1 Initial vertical IBS emittance rise time [h]72.0242.2 Initial longitudinal IBS rise time [h]72.4540.7 Beam intensity lifetime [h]14.629.9 Optimum run time [h]68.5 Opt. av. Int. luminosity/day [fb -1 ]1.631.93 O. Domínguez.

15. Jose L. Abelleira15 emittance Total tune shifts Beam size ratio Long. Beam sizePiwinski angle Far below 0.01 C-w condition Transverse beam sizes Luminosity O. Domínguez.

16. Jose L. Abelleira16 emittance Total tune shifts Long. Beam sizePiwinski angle Transverse beam sizes Luminosity Even far below 0.01 O. Domínguez. Beam size ratio

17. Luminosity evolution Jose L. Abelleira17 O. Domínguez.

18. Conclusions An extremely-flat beam optics (β y * /β y * =100) is conceptual possible for LHC and HELHC – Large Piwinski angle, to reduce the collision area and allow for a lower β y * – Local chromatic correction – Possibility to have crab waist collisions that can increase luminosity and suppress resonances – Can accept higher brightness. 18Jose L. Abelleira – Significant increase in Lint With crab-waist collisions there is no tune shift limitation: no need for emittance blow up. – LPA allows for a higher brightness: increases beam lifetime – SR damping for the three planes increases luminosity

19. Thank you… …For your attention 19Jose L. Abelleira