1. Important Supreme Court Cases Marbury v. Madison (1803) Marbury v. Madison (1803) Supreme Court may interpret the Constitution and determine whether a law is constitutional or unconstitutional (Judicial Review) Supreme Court may interpret the Constitution and determine whether a law is constitutional or unconstitutional (Judicial Review) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Determined separate but equal laws in the south WERE CONSTITUTIONAL Determined separate but equal laws in the south WERE CONSTITUTIONAL Brown v. Topeka Board of Education (1954) Brown v. Topeka Board of Education (1954) Determined separate but equal school facilities were inherently unequal and therefore UNCONSTITUTIONAL Determined separate but equal school facilities were inherently unequal and therefore UNCONSTITUTIONAL University of California v. Bakke (1978) University of California v. Bakke (1978) Affirmative action programs were ok if designed properly Affirmative action programs were ok if designed properly

2. Supreme Court Cases (cont) Roe v. Wade (1973) Roe v. Wade (1973) Guarantees women’s right to an abortion Guarantees women’s right to an abortion Gideon v. Wainright (1963) Gideon v. Wainright (1963) Legal counsel must be provided in criminal cases to defendants unable to afford their own attorney Legal counsel must be provided in criminal cases to defendants unable to afford their own attorney Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police. criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.

3. Important Amendments 13 th 13 th Abolished slavery Abolished slavery 14 th 14 th Granted African Americans citizenship and due process of the law Granted African Americans citizenship and due process of the law 15 th 15 th Granted African Americans the right to vote Granted African Americans the right to vote 18 th 18 th Abolished sale and consumption of alcohol Abolished sale and consumption of alcohol 19 th 19 th Granted women the right to vote Granted women the right to vote

4. Important Amendments (cont) 21 st 21 st Repealed 18 th Amendment Repealed 18 th Amendment 22 nd 22 nd Limited President to two terms in office Limited President to two terms in office 24 th 24 th Banned poll taxes Banned poll taxes 26 th 26 th Granted 18 year olds the right to vote Granted 18 year olds the right to vote