1. OBJECTIVES: IDENTIFY HOW BASIC LEGISLATION HAS CHANGED THE CONSTITUTION OVER TIME. DESCRIBE THE WAYS IN WHICH THE CONSTITUTION HAS BEEN ALTERED BY EXECUTIVE AND JUDICIAL ACTIONS. ANALYZE THE ROLE OF PARTY PRACTICES AND CUSTOM IN SHAPING THE CONSTITUTION. Constitutional Change by Other Means

2. Basic Legislation Congress has changed the Constitution in two important ways  ___________passed laws to spell out several of the Constitution’s brief provisions. Flesh to the Bones of the Constitution! An example is the structure of the Federal Court System. Art.III, Sec.1. which says ________________  Passed the ____ Amendment to clear up Presidential Succession.  Congress has added to the Constitution by the way in which it has used many of its powers. “Foreign and Interstate Commerce”

3. Executive Action The Constitution says only _______________ can declare war. However, because Presidents are considered the __________________ of the nations armed forces. Because of this, several Presidents have made war without a declaration of war by Congress. An ________________is a pact made by the President directly with the head of a foreign state. A ___________is a formal agreement between two or more sovereign states. The main difference between the two is____________________. Art. II, Sec.II of the Constitution

4. Court Decisions The __________________ interprets and applies the Constitution in many cases they hear. In the Supreme Court Case ____________ vs. ____________ the concept of Judicial Review was established. President Woodrow Wilson once stated that “The Supreme Court is a constitutional convention in continuous session” What did he mean by this statement?

5. Party Practices The ________________ and _______________ have been a major source of Constitutional change. Neither the Constitution nor any law provides for the nomination of candidates for the presidency. The parties have converted the ______________, the group that makes the formal selection of the President, from what the Framers intended into a “Rubber Stamp” for each State’s popular vote. Both the ____________ and ______________ are organized and conduct much of their business on the basis of party.

6. Custom Unwritten custom may be as strong as written law, and many customs have developed in our governmental system. By custom, the heads of the __________ executive departments make up the _______________, an advisory body to the President 25 th Amendment to the Constitution 22 nd Amendment to the Constitution