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CSC 116 – Computer Networks Fall 2015 Instructor: Robert Spengler
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Chap 9: LAN, WAN, PAN... Local Area Network Wide Area Network Personal Area Network Internetwork Metropolitan Area Network Wireless Local Area Network
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OSI Model Picture Credit: blog.butchevans.com
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Chap 9: The Fundamentals Network components Computer with Network Interface Card (NIC) Network Medium Interconnecting Device (maybe)
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Chapter 9: IP and MAC address IP address is a logical address – Work at the NETWORK layer – Someone decides what IP Address you get MAC address is a physical address – Work at the DATA LINK layer – Your MAC address is permanently embedded on your network card
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Chap 9: More on IP Address Can be STATIC (always the same) or DYNAMIC (changed each time it connects to the network) Frequently assigned by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
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More on IP Addresses Two Types IPv4: 32-bit addresses Use “Dotted-Decimal” ( 192.168.2.3) IPv6: 128-bit addresses Use hexadecimal ( 3ffe:1900:4545:1243:2001:f8ff:fe21:67cf)
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Special IP Addresses 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255, and 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 are PRIVATE IP Addresses used for internal networks 169.254.0.0 – 169.254.255.255 is the Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) range. A computer gives itself one of these addresses if no network connection is detected.
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Ipconfig shows IP information
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Ping tests connectivity
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Clients and Servers Client is accessing resources Server is providing resources This is not always a clear distinction
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Connecting to the LAN Need a NIC if you're plugging in Need a Wireless NIC if you're going to WiFi in These are frequently built-in.
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Network Hardware Repeaters Hubs Switches Wireless Access Point Routers (will be discussed later)
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A Hub is a multi-port repeater
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A Switch
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Wireless Access Point
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Routers Used to interconnect LANs to each other May directly connect or connect through intermediate routers
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So what is this thing?
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But what about the back?
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Physical connections UTP Coaxial Fiber Optic
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Unshielded Twisted Pair
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Coax
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Fiber Optic Multimode vs Single-Mode
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Ethernet Invented in the 1970s but has been updated Uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Uses Media Access Control (MAC) addresses 12 Hexadecimal digits One Ethernet protocol data unit is called a frame Contains source and destination MAC addresses
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WiFi Two modes: infrastructure and ad-hoc Uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision with Avoidance (CSMA/CA) Different standards and speeds: 802.11a 54Mbps but poor reception 802.11b/g/n 11/54/600Mbps and better reception 802.11ac up to 6.7 Gbps
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Wifi Standards
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WiFi Security Traffic can be intercepted relatively easily Encryption protocols Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) WPA2
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Transport Layer Transmission Control Protocol Reliable and connection-oriented User Datagram Protocol Unreliable and connectionless Both work with segments, use source and destination ports, and use checksums
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TCP and UDP
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