1. What is Abnormal Psychology? behaviors, thoughts, & moods outside what is considered “normal” in culture - atypical However… what is normal? what is abnormal?

2. Psychopathology

3. CATEGORIES Neuroses - anxiety based - Phobias - Panic Disorders - GAD - OCD - Hypochondriasis - Depressions - Amnesias - PTSD - DID Psychoses – physiological based - Personality Disorders *Addictions *Schizoid * Borderline - Depressions - Bipolar Disorder - Paranoia - Schizophrenias

4. Whitlock’s Line of Psychopathology

5. Reality Neuroses Psychoses DID PTSD Phobias Self-mutilation Bi-Polar Disorder BDD Paranoid Schizophrenia SAD Psychogenic Pain Sexual Deviance Addictions Eating Disorders Pseudocysis Pyromania RADOCD Kleptomania Trichotillomania Hypochondriasis Fugue GAD Munchausen (Pedophilia)

6. Historical Views of Abnormal Behavior Demonology, Gods, & Magic –Abnormal behavior often attributed to possession –“Good”or“Bad” possession depended on symptoms Hippocrates ( 460-377 B.C. ) - Mental disorders due to natural causes - Humors = Fluids

7. Twentieth Century Treatment 1946 – 1963: Changing views of mental health services –National Institute of Mental Health organized –DSM-I published –Mary Jane Ward published The Snake Pit –Goffman published Asylums –Hill-Burton Act is passed –Community Health Services Act of 1963

8. 20 th Century Deinstitutionalization Deinstitutionalization and Community Mental Health Care1970s Forces that initiated –Miracle drugs –Reconceptualization of Mental Illness –Recognition of Institutional Hazards –Economic Incentives

9. Is this a mental disorder? A man can’t get through the day without crying A woman stays in bed until noon A woman believes that her daughter’s spirit is escaping from her body A man sets fire to his land

12. What are we studying? Abnormal Behaviors Psychopathology Mental Disorders Mental Illnesses Deviant Behaviors

13. Defining Mental Disorder Must Have…. Distress Maladaptiveness Irrationality Unpredictability Unconventionality Observer Discomfort Violation of Moral and Ideal Standards

14. Mental Health Professionals Clinical Psychologist (Ph.D., C. Psych.) Psychiatrist (M.D.) Psychiatric Social Worker (M.S.W.) Psychoanalyst Therapist/Counselor

16. Being Sane in Insane Places Rosenhan Pseudopatient Study, 1973 Eight healthy participants complained of hearing voices saying “thud,” “hollow,” and “empty,” but did not feign any other symptoms Admitted to inpatient hospital Once admitted, “stopped” hearing these voices Seven received diagnosis of Schizophrenia Stays ranged from 7 to 52 days, average of 19 days

17. Family and friends could identify no significant differences in behavior of “pseudo-patients” 35/118 other patients identified “pseudo-patients” as being sane –“You’re not crazy. You’re a journalist or a professor. You’re checking up on the hospital.” Otherwise normal behavior was interpreted by hospital staff as symptoms of illness –Writing in journal was interpreted as compulsive behavior –Walking around floor was interpreted as anxiety

18. Key points When thinking about mental disorders, it is important to remember: –Knowing person’s diagnosis and understanding that diagnosis is important, but it is not sufficient to understanding person –It is important to take person’s culture into consideration when thinking about their symptoms –People are not defined by their diagnosis No one would talk about a cancer patient and say, “He’s cancerian” but people will say “He’s schizophrenic” when talking about someone suffering from schizophrenia